摘要：The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is an important half-reaction for various energy devices,such as fuel cells and metal-air *** sluggish kinetics of the four-electron ORR needs the development of electrocatalysts with high efficiency and activity to replace precious metal ***,metal±nitrogen±carbon catalysts,particularly Fe±N±C,are considered the most promising candidates because their rich active sites can reduce the energy barrier of oxygenic *** this review,the recent research breakthroughs of Fe±N±C catalysts in theoretical and experimental studies are summarized in ***,the mechanistic understanding of the electrocatalytic ORR based on Fe±N±C catalysts is ***,the design strategies of Fe±N±C catalysts and classifications of active sites are expounded,after which the connection between the active site and catalytic performance is ***,the application status of Fe±N±C catalysts in polymer membrane fuel cells and zinc-air batteries is ***,the challenges and opportunities of Fe±N±C catalysts regarding controllable synthesis,mechanism,and applications in energy devices are further proposed.

摘要：采用溶胶-凝胶法在较低温度条件下设计合成了新型的具有ABO3型钙钛矿结构的三元金属复合氧化物LaCo0.5Ti0.5O3.通过TG-DTA,XRD,XPS,UV-VisDRS等测试技术和可见光光催化活性测试对其进行了表征.结果表明,与LaCoO3和La2Ti2O7相比,LaCo0.5Ti0.5O3样品表现出相对较高的可见光光催化活性,并且合成温度较低.这是由于原料中的Co2+和Ti4+离子通过电荷补偿作用使产物B位的两种金属均以+3价氧化态分布所致.

摘要：近年来,随着我国科学技术和经济的迅速发展,PLC获得了更大的发展和应用空间,目前已经形成了一系列衔接紧密的产业链。我国的PLC产品正在向标准化、系统化、国际化以及模块化方向发展,并且具备了各种硬件以及编程软件生产能力,能够为客户提供更加全面的服务。但是,现阶段PLC仍然仅承担比较基本的控制功能,很难真正适应社会发展的复杂控制需求。鉴于此,首先对PLC的应用特点进行简单介绍,然后对其工作流程进行分析和讨论,以期为日后提高PLC的应用水平提供一些建议和理论参考。

摘要：Development of cost-effective,active and durable electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is still a huge ***,we have constructed one-dimensional(1D)cobalt sulfide and vanadium sulfide heterojunction nanowires arranged on carbon cloth(Co_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)/CC)as bifunctional electrocatalysts for the efficient overall water *** 1D wire-structured Co_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)heterojunctions possess large surface area,plentiful active sites and rapid transport of electrons/reactants and the release of ***,the electron transfer from Co9S8 to V3S4 occurs at the interface due to the strong electronic coupling effect in Co_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)heterojunction,in which the electron-attracting V3S4(V2^(+))optimizes the adsorption of H*active species for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),while the electron-losing Co9S8(Co3+)responds to the enhancement of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)***_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)/CC exhibits low overpotentials of 85 and 232 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and small Tafel slopes of 51 and 59 mV dec^(−1)for HER and OER,***,the electrolyzer with Co_(9)S_(8)-V_(3)S_(4)/CC as both the anode and cathode requires low onset voltage of 1.35 V and cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA cm^(−2)and exhibits high Faradaic efficiencies and robust *** can be driven by a solar cell(1.53 V)for continuous production of hydrogen and *** study highlights the design of 1D sulfide heterojunction in pursuit of highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

摘要：随着国民经济的发展,化工行业有了长足的发展。化工仪表作为化工生产中重要的一部分,其智能自动化技术的应用,保障了化工工业的稳步生产。从化工仪表类型、自动化特征、自动化控制技术、自动化控制系统四个方面详述了化工仪表智能的自动化技术的应用,旨在促进我国化工行业的发展。

摘要：Sn-based electrocatalysts have been gaining increasing attention due to their potential contribution in the conversion of CO2 into HCOOH driven by sustainable energy sources;however,their actual capability to catalyze CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR)still cannot meet the requirements of commercial-scale *** developing Snbased catalyst is of vital ***,the sheet-like heterophase Sn O2/Sn3O4 with a high density of phase interfaces has been first engineered by a facile hydrothermal process,with Sn3O4 as the dominant *** evidences from experiments and theoretical simulation indicate that the charge redistribution and built-in electric field at heterophase interfaces boost CO2 adsorption and HCOO*formation,accelerate the charge transfer between the catalysts and reactants,and ultimately greatly elevate the intrinsic activity of the heterophase Sn O2/Sn3O4 towards CO2 ***,the in-situ generated porous structure and metal Sn during CO2 RR improve the mass transmission within the interlayer volume and the conductivity of Sn O2/*** heterophase Sn O2/Sn3O4 displays high activity and selectivity for CO2 RR,achieving an improvement in CO2 reduction current density,88.3%Faradaic efficiency of HCOOH conversion at-0.9 VRHE,along with a long-term tolerance in CO2 *** study demonstrates that heterophase interface engineering is an efficient strategy to regulate advanced catalysts for different applications.

摘要：The development of effective and low-cost catalysts for overall water splitting is essential for clean production of hydrogen from *** this paper,we report the synthesis of cobalt-vanadium（Co-V）bimetal-based catalysts for the effective water *** Co_2V_2O_7·xH_2O nanoplates containing both Co and V elements were selected as the *** the calcination under NH_3atmosphere,the Co_2VO_4and Co/VN could be obtained just by tuning the calcination *** tests indicated that the Co-V bimetal-based materials could be used as active hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）and oxygen evolution reaction（OER）catalyst by regulating their *** Co/VN showed good performance for HER with the onset potential of68 mV and can achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^（-2）at an overpotential of 92 m ***,the Co_2VO_4exhibited the obvious OER performance with overpotential of 300 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^（-2）.When the Co_2VO_4and Co/VN were used as the anode and cathode in a twoelectrode system,respectively,the cell needed a voltage of1.65 V to achieve 10 mA cm^（-2）together with good *** work would be indicative to constructing Co-V bimetalbased catalysts for the catalytic application.

摘要：Efficient charge separation and rapid interfacial reaction kinetics are crucial factors that determine the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen ***,a fascinating 2D heterojunction photocatalyst with superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance–holey C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets nested with TiO_(2)nanocrystals(denoted as HCN/TiO_(2))–is designed and fabricated via an in situ exfoliation and conversion *** HCN/TiO_(2)is found to exhibit an ultrathin 2D heteroarchitecture with intimate interfacial contact,highly porous structures and ultrasmall TiO_(2)nanocrystals,leading to drastically improved charge carrier separation,maximized active sites and the promotion of mass transport for ***,the HCN/TiO_(2)delivers an impressive hydrogen production rate of 282.3 lmol h^(-1)per10 mg under AM 1.5 illumination and an apparent quantum efficiency of 13.4%at a wavelength of 420 nm due to the synergetic enhancement of surface reactions and charge *** present work provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance 2D heterojunctions for clean energy applications.

摘要：The design of the electrode with high-area and mass capacitance is important for the practical application of supercapacitors. Here, we fabricated the porous NiCoP nanowalls supported by Ni foam(NiCo-P/NF) for supercapacitors with win-win high-area and mass capacitance. The NiCoOH nanowall precursor was prepared by controlling the deposition rate of Ni^2+ and Co^2+ on NF through a sodium acetate-assisted(floride-free) process. After the phosphorization, the NiCo-P nanowalls formed with high loading about8.6 mg cm-2 on NF. The electrode combined several advantages favorable for energy storage: the plentiful pores beneficial for ion transport, the nanowalls for easy accommodation of electrolyte, good conductivity of NiCo-P for easy transport of electrons. As expected, the NiCo-P/NF exhibited a high specific mass capacitance(1,861 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1,1,070 F g^-1 at 10 A g^-1 and high area capacitance(17.31 F cm-2 at 5 mA cm-2 and 10 F cm^-2 at 100 mA cm^-*** asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC) composed of NiCo-P/NF positive electrode coupled with commercial active carbon negative electrode exhibited a high energy density of44.9 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 750 W kg^-1. The ASC can easily drive fans, electronic watch and LED lamps, implying their potential for the practical application.

摘要：利用太阳能将CO_(2)转化为增值燃料,对于实现全球碳中和的目标具有重要意义,而光生电荷的有效分离是提高光催化CO_(2)还原效率的重要影响因素.在此,我们报道了一种简易的原位剥离和转化策略,将CeO_(2)纳米颗粒均匀分布在超薄多孔C_(3)N_(4)纳米片上,合成了新型的CeO_(2)/C_(3)N_(4)异质结构.C_(3)N_(4)的超薄多孔结构不仅可以增加比表面积以提供更多的活性位点,还可以有效缩短光生电子空穴的迁移距离以避免复合.此外,高度分散的CeO_(2)与C_(3)N_(4)之间具有紧密的界面接触,使更多的电荷通过界面进行转移.合成的CeO_(2)/C_(3)N_(4)异质结构具有带隙匹配的Z型结构,可以有效延长光诱导电荷载流子的寿命并提升光催化剂的氧化还原能力.与传统块状C_(3)N_(4)相比,合成的CeO_(2)/C_(3)N_(4)异质结在没有贵金属作为助催化剂和没有牺牲剂条件下显示出约5倍的CO_(2)光还原性能的提升.这项工作为用于可持续能源转换的直接Z型光催化剂的设计和实际应用提供了一种新策略.