摘要：采用自行开发的NY-2催化剂,研究了环氧乙烷(EO)水溶液和CO2制备碳酸乙烯酯(EC)的反应性能。设计了正交实验以确定影响EO转化率和EC选择性的主要因素;探讨了溶剂EC用量、反应温度、反应压力、催化剂用量等因素对合成EC反应的影响。实验结果表明,n(H2O)∶n(EO)是影响EO转化率的最主要因素;温度和n(H2O)∶n(EO)是影响EC选择性的最主要因素;确定了采用NY-2催化剂、以EC为溶剂时,合成EC反应的最佳工艺条件:反应温度100～120℃,反应压力3.0～4.0MPa,催化剂质量分数2%,n(H2O)∶n(EO)=1∶2,n(EC)∶n(EO)=5。在此条件下,EO的转化率达到97%以上,EC的选择性达到93%左右。

摘要：针对甲醇液相氧化羰基化法合成碳酸二甲酯（DMC）工艺，开发了新型Cu基络合催化剂（CuBrnLm）。对CuBrnLm催化剂的活性及其稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明，采用该催化剂，甲醇转化率和DMC选择性较高；元素价态和物质结构分析表明，CuBrnLm催化剂循环使用5次后仍保持较好的稳定性。采用正交设计和中心响应曲面法设计实验，并使用Statistica软件进行统计分析，寻求出反应的主要影响因素，并得到优化的工艺条件：反应温度100～110℃、反应压力3．0～3．5MPa、反应时间4～6h、CuBrnLm催化剂质量浓度（以甲醇的体积计）O．15～0．20g／mL。在此工艺条件下，甲醇转化率可达23％以上，DMC的选择性为96％～98％。

摘要：Mass transfer and catalyst recovery are two crucial issues in solid base catalysis,while the cumbersome operation steps and the associated time and energy penalties are still inevitable for conventional *** the technical upgrades through catalyst design is desirable but challenging because of the difficulty in satisfying diverse demands of different *** this work,a magnetically responsive solid base catalyst with the rod-like nanostructure was *** rod-like solid base catalysts are composed of Fe_(3)O_(4) cores,silica shells and calcium oxide active *** functions of magnetic recovery and stirring were integrated into the catalyst,which applies in both the general catalytic processes and microchannel reactors given their *** applied to the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by onestep transesterification of methanol and ethylene carbonate,an apparent enhancement on turnover frequency value(33.1 h^(−1))was observed for nano-stirring compared with that tested without stirring(12.1 h^(−1))within 30 *** present catalysts may open up new avenues in the development of advanced solid base catalysts.

摘要：采用改进型ROSE汽液平衡釜在100.47 kPa下测定乙酸乙酯(EA)-碳酸二乙酯(DEC)二元体系的汽液平衡数据,进一步得到的液相活度系数,经面积积分法检验符合热力学一致性。并借助化工过程模拟软件,同时采用NRTL和Wilson方程对实验数据进行关联得到模型参数,回归出不同模型下汽相组成与实验中的数据进行比较,平均偏差分别为0.007 8和0.006 8,结果表明2种模型都符合需要。研究结果将为有关工程设计提供化工数据。

摘要：制备了甲醇液相羰基化法合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的新型CuBr3L2络合催化剂,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性与稳定性.XPS和EPR表征发现添加配位剂四丁基溴化铵(简称L)有助于表面活性物种Cu(I)的形成.采用正交实验设计对工艺条件进行优化,在温度373～383K、压力3.0～3.5MPa、时间4～6h、催化剂浓度(以甲醇的体积计)0.15～0.20g/mL的工艺条件范围内,甲醇转化率可达到23%,DMC选择性大于95%.动力学研究表明,该反应是一个近似二级反应,反应表观速率常数Kp与催化剂质量浓度和反应温度有关,且Kp与催化剂浓度的平方成正比.高温高压不利于主反应的进行,导致目的产物选择性下降.

摘要：针对甲醇羰基合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应体系,在综合分析以氯化亚铜、氯化铜以及铜分子筛为催化剂的氧化羰基化反应机理的基础上,着重介绍了多相催化剂的种类、结构、活性中心以及制备工艺的研究进展,并对各类催化剂的催化性能进行了分析和评价。通过溶胶-凝胶技术和分子筛包覆的方法制备的钴系催化剂,其活性和稳定性得到了提高;钯铜系催化剂经过载体改性和加入适当的助剂,甲醇转化率增大并在一定程度上抑制了氯离子的流失;无氯铜系催化剂避免了对设备的腐蚀,但催化活性和DMC的选择性普遍较低。最后指出利用各种现代表征手段以及分析技术研究表面过程深刻了解甲醇羰基合成机理,才能在催化剂的设计和开发上取得创新和突破。

摘要：Due to the good controllability and high energy efficiency in adsorption processes,photoresponsive adsorbents are intriguing for CO2 ***,most reported photoresponsive adsorbents are designed based on weak adsorption sites,regulating CO2 adsorption through structural change or steric *** addition,ultraviolet(UV)light is commonly involved in the regulation of adsorption *** we report for the first time the smart adsorbents for CO2 capture,which makes strong adsorption sites respond to visible(Vis)*** adsorbents were fabricated by introducing primary amine and Dispersed Red 1(DR1,a kind of push-pull azobenzene that responds to Vis light rapidly)units to mesoporous silica,which act as strong adsorption sites and triggers,*** primary amine sites make the adsorbents highly selective in the adsorption of CO2 over *** light irradiation,azobenzene is in the form of trans configuration,which leads to decreased electrostatic potential of primary amines and subsequently,exposure of active sites and liberal adsorption of *** Vis-light irradiation,cis isomers are formed,which results in increased electrostatic potential of primary amines and subsequently shelter of active *** on such strong adsorption sites,the alteration of CO2 adsorption capacity can reach 40%for the adsorbent with and without Vis-light ***,the trans/cis isomerization of DR1 units can be triggered reversibly by Vis *** present smart system endows adsorbents with selective adsorption capacity and avoids the employment of UV light,which is unlikely to be achieved by conventional photoresponsive adsorbents.

摘要：针对NY型均相催化剂催化水合乙二醇的工艺,探讨了催化剂对乙二醇产品紫外透过率(UV值)的影响。试验结果表明,在催化剂存在以及加热的情况下,乙二醇产品的精制过程中,乙二醇更易发生氧化反应;含催化剂的乙二醇精制塔釜允许最高温度低于直接水合乙二醇工艺精制塔釜的允许最高温度,在保证精馏塔的真空度以及塔釜温度低于153℃的条件下,所得产品UV值可达到美国科学设计公司化纤级乙二醇产品的先进标准。

摘要：工学结合是近几年职业教育的发展趋势,它在高技能人才培养过程中的作用已经得到公认,高职土建类专业以基于工作过程的课程开发为切入点,以项目教学法为实施原则,采取以工作过程为导向构建课程结构、以过程性知识为主线实施课程教学、开放职业教育教材等几点做法,取得了良好的成效。

摘要：研究了CuBrnLm配合催化剂对甲醇液相氧化羰化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)反应的催化活性及其稳定性,并采用XPS和EPR等对催化剂进行表征。结果发现,配位剂L的添加有助于形成甲醇选择性氧化羰基合成DMC的活性物种Cu(I)。采用正交设计对工艺条件进行优化,当温度100～110℃、压力3.0～3.5MPa、时间4～6h、催化剂浓度(以甲醇的体积)0.15～0.20g/mL时,甲醇转化率可达到23%,DMC选择性大于95%。