摘要：Among the sustainable energy sources,hydrogen is the one most promising for alleviating the pollution issues related to the usage of conventional fuels,as it can be produced in an efficient and eco-friendly way via electrocatalytic water *** hydrogen evolution reaction(HER,a half-reaction of water splitting)plays a pivotal role in decreasing the price and increasing the catalytic efficiency of hydrogen production and is efficiently promoted by metal phosphides in different ***,we summarize the recent advances in the development of metal phosphides as HER electrocatalysts,focus on their synthesis(post-treatment,in situ generation,and electrodeposition methods)and the enhancement of their electrocatalytic activity(via elemental doping,interface and vacancy engineering,construction of specific supports and nanostructures,and the design of bior polymetallic phosphides),and highlight the crucial issues and challenges of future development.

摘要：The development of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) with excellent catalytic performance and stability plays key roles in the commercialization of water splitting to generate hydrogen energy. Herein, a 2 D-3 D nanostructure composed of metal hydroxides and Prussian blue analogus(PBA) was in-situ decorated onto the Ni Fe foam(Pt-Ni Fe PBA) through a facile and scalable corrosive-coordinate approach. The specifically designed morphology favored the provision of abundant active sites, optimized the reaction pathway, and accelerated mass transport during the electrocatalytic process. Consequently, the as-synthesized Pt-Ni Fe PBA reached 10 m A cm^(-2) with small overpotentials of 29 and210 m V in 1 mol L;KOH deionized water for HER and OER,respectively. Remarkably, Pt-Ni Fe PBA required an overpotential of 21 m V to drive 10 m A cm^(-2) in seawater containing1 mol L;KOH with prominent durability. Moreover, with the as-synthesized Pt-Ni Fe PBA as bifunctional electrocatalyst,the Pt-Ni Fe PBA||Pt-Ni Fe PBA electrolyzer needed 1.46 and1.48 V to drive 10 m A cm^(-2) in 1 mol L;KOH with deionized water and 1 mol L;KOH with seawater, respectively. Remarkably, sustainable energies were utilized to power the overall water splitting and stored as easily portable hydrogen energy.

摘要：金属与载体的相互作用会引起金属与载体之间的电荷转移,从而优化催化剂的催化性能,是设计高效、高稳定性电催化剂的关键.本文利用抗坏血酸辅助的方法,将超细Pt纳米颗粒锚定在金属有机框架材料(MOF)表面合成了催化剂Pt-Vc-MOF.由于Pt-Vc-MOF具有较强的界面相互作用,MOF载体可以将电子转移至Pt,从而形成丰富且有效的催化活性位点,有助于增加催化析氢反应活性.所合成的催化剂在酸性、碱性和中性电解液中分别表现出17,45和32 mV(10 mA/cm^(2))的低过电位,更小的Tafel斜率和12 h的连续操作稳定性,优于商用Pt/C催化剂.

摘要：At present,seawater electrolysis powered by renewable energy stands as a crucial method for the industrial production of *** the abundance of seawater and its inherently high conductivity,seawater electrolysis earns an increasing ***,challenges remain,such as the competitive chloride oxidation reaction(COR)caused by chloride ions(Cl^(-))and the corrosion of active sites,which hinder the industrial seawater *** this review,we initially outline four design strategies aimed at avoiding the occurrence of COR:designing selective oxygen evolution reaction(OER)active sites,anti-corrosion strategies,small molecules oxidize reaction(SMOR)and adjusting ***,we compile approaches to enhance the OER selectivity and corrosion resistance in seawater electrolysis,including introducing anion buffer ***,we categorize reported OER catalysts based on their composition and summarize the mechanism underlying their high activity and *** conclusion,we address the future challenges and prospects of industrializing seawater electrolysis.