摘要：在铁路区段站及编组站设计中，如有些问题考虑不周，不仅会增加建设投资，而且会影响铁路运营，因此，必须引起设计者足够的重视。现结合本人多年来参加大站设计的实践，对以下问题谈几点体会。

摘要：Au and Au-containing bimetallic nanoparticles are promising catalysts for the green synthesis of fine chemicals. Here, we used a Au6Pd/resin catalyst for the aerobic C-C cross-coupling of primary and secondary alcohols to produce higher ketones under mild conditions. This is of importance to the construction of a C-C bond. Various substrates were used in the reaction system, and moderate to good yields were obtained. The catalysts can be reused at least five times without decrease of yield. The control experiment and XAFS characterization results showed that hydrogen au- to-transfer occurred on metallic Pd sites even under oxidative conditions. On alloying with Au, the Pd sites became resistant to oxidation and readily abstracted the β-H of the alcohols and transferred the hydride to the C=C bond in the reaction intermediate to give the saturated product.

摘要：针对高品质特殊钢(如CTHQ25、1Cr11Ni2W2MoV、30CrNi4Mo等)现有轧/锻棒料工艺退火后硬度(HB)超标(>270)、同炉硬度不均匀(270~290),退火周期长(不同直径棒料退火40~60 h不等)等难题,开展短周期退火软化工艺及设备工装设计应用研究。以轧/锻态CTHQ25钎具钢为例,基于热力学计算和试验研究,揭示了退火软化机理,设计出一步退火工艺、两步退火工艺,阐明了原始组织、退火温度、退火时间对退火组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明,采用"低温-高温"两步退火工艺后硬度(HB)由原工艺的276降至240。同时,基于温度场-流场耦合模拟计算,设计工装垫块,将原堆垛式布料优化为平铺式布料,提高了炉温均匀性,保证了同炉产品硬度的均一性(241±4),退火工艺周期缩短20%以上。