摘要：核电站安全制动器基于高精度、高可靠性设计,而摩擦片是安全制动器功能执行的核心零件,其摩擦性能影响核电站设备的安全性和经济性.本文作者将椭圆织构应用于安全制动器的摩擦片中,通过数值方法研究了椭圆织构摩擦片在电磁制动器中的作用机理;建立椭圆织构摩擦片分析模型,同时利用有限元法求解摩擦片端面的压力分布情况,并研究了椭圆倾斜角、长细比、织构深度和摩擦面间隙变化对压力分布的影响规律.结果表明:增加椭圆织构的长细比可以有效地降低摩擦面的磨损;椭圆织构倾斜角为45°时,气膜承载力最大,可以有效降低摩擦面的磨损;椭圆织构太深或太浅均会增加摩擦面的磨损,当深度为1μm时,可以起到很好的减磨效果;椭圆织构产生较大的气膜承载力从而增大间隙,但气膜承载力随摩擦片间隙增加而减小,因而使摩擦片间隙固定在一定范围,既减少了磨损又保证了设备的稳定运行.本文中涉及的数值研究为完善电磁制动器中的椭圆织构摩擦片设计提供解决方法,后续在产品样机中应用并通过了寿命试验验证.

摘要：制冷机集成式金属杜瓦组件已广泛应用于256×256以上规模的红外焦平面阵列器件,杜瓦真空寿命成为制约探测器性能的关键指标。本文针此金属杜瓦组件通用结构,用氦漏率检测、静态热负载测试及高温加速实验等多种方法对杜瓦真空寿命进行了评测,并分析了影响杜瓦真空寿命的主要因素,对金属杜瓦研究具有实际意义。分析表明,真空寿命的主要影响因素包括漏气和放气,制造工艺改进可将金属杜瓦漏气控制在设计指标内,金属杜瓦内部放气可通过真空烘烤、安装吸气剂等方法消除,研制的杜瓦组件经验证真空存储寿命超过12年。

摘要：Perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs)performance is essentially limited by severe non-radiative losses and ion *** numerous strategies have been proposed,challenges remain in the basic understanding of their ***,we report a dielectric-screening-enhancement effect for perovskite defects by using organic semiconductors with finely tuned molecular structures from the atoms *** method produced various perovskite films with high dielectric constant values,reduced charge capture regions,suppressed ion migration,and it provides an efficient charge transport pathway for suppressing non-radiative recombination beyond the passivation *** resulting pero-SCs showed a promising power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.35%with a high open-circuit voltage(1.22 V);and the 1-cm^(2) pero-SCs maintained an excellent PCE(21.93%),showing feasibility for scalable *** robust operational and thermal stabilities revealed that this method paved a new way to understand the degradation mechanism of pero-SCs,promoting the efficiency,stability and scaled fabrication of the pero-SCs.