摘要：Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs),consisting of a battery-like negative electrode and a capacitive porous-carbon positive electrode,deliver more than twice the energy density of electric double-layer ***,their wide application suffers from low energy density and reduced cycle life at high ***,hierarchical meso±microporous carbon nanospheres with a highly disordered structure and nitrogen/phosphorous co-doped properties were synthesized through a facile template *** hierarchical porous structure facilitates rapid ion transport,and the highly disordered structure and high heteroatom content provide abundant active sites for Li+charge *** experiments demonstrated that the carbon nanosphere anode delivers large reversible capability,greatly improves rate capability and exhibits excellent cycle *** LIC fabricated with the carbon nanosphere anode and an activated carbon cathode yields a high energy density of 103 W h kg^(-1),an extremely high power density of 44,630 W kg^(-1),and longterm cyclability of over 10,000 *** work presents how structural control of carbon materials at the nano/atomic scale can significantly enhance electrochemical performance,enabling new opportunities for the design of high-performance energy-storage devices.

摘要：锑(Sb),因其具有较高的理论比容量(660 mAh·g^(-1))、较低储钠电位(0.5–0.8 V ***/Na^(+))和较高的密度(6.68 g·cm^(-3))等特点,被认为是一种理想的钠离子电容器的阳极材料。然而,在Na^(+)脱嵌过程中,Sb电极会发生较大的体积变化,导致其容量快速衰减以及倍率性能变差,阻碍了Sb电极的实际应用。因此,本文提出一种可用于制备锚定在具有碳涂层的二维石墨烯表面的无定型Sb纳米颗粒的电化学置换方法。所制备Sb/石墨烯复合材料具有典型的二维复合结构,可大幅增加与电解液界面接触面积,缩短离子扩散路径,促进离子迁移与电子转移。进一步利用该复合材料作为阳极,自制活性炭作为阴极,构建出一种新型钠离子电容器。研究证实,该钠离子电容器工作电压可达4.0 V,可输出140.75 Wh·kg^(-1)的最大能量密度和12.43 kW·kg^(-1)的最高功率密度。综上,该研究结果可为钠离子储能器件用高容量锑基阳极材料的优化设计提供可借鉴的思路。