摘要：Electrides are unique ionic compounds that electrons serve as the anions. Many electrides with fascinating physical and chemical properties have been discovered at ambient condition. Under pressure, electrides are also revealed to be ubiquitous crystal morphology, enriching the geometrical topologies and electronic properties of electrides. In this Review,we overview the formation mechanism of high-pressure electrides(HPEs) and outline a scheme for exploring new HPEs from pre-design, CALYPSO assisted structural searches, indicators for electrides, to experimental synthesis. Moreover, the evolution of electronic dimensionality under compression is also discussed to better understand the dimensional distribution of anionic electrons in HPEs.

摘要：用特殊设计的恒位移加载台可以在ＴＥＭ中原位观察黄铜在纯水中局部溶解前后裂尖位错形核的变化，从而可以确定局部阳极溶解对位错发射、增殖和运动的影响；也可原位观察纳米级应力腐蚀（ＳＣＣ）裂纹的形核和扩展．结果表明，加用薄膜试样，黄铜在室温高纯水中能发生ＳＣＣ．在裂纹形核前，通过阳极溶解的促进作用，在低应力下就能导致位错的发射、增殖和运动．当溶解引起的位错发射、运动达到临界状态时，纳米级微裂纹就将在无位错区中不连续形核或从原裂纹顶端连续形核．和空气中原位拉伸不同，ＳＣＣ时由于介质的作用，己形核的微裂纹并不钝化成空洞或缺口，而是解理或沿晶扩展．

摘要：文章阐述了对高校实验室发展的几点思考。要建好实验教学示范中心;开放实验室;开设综合性、设计性实验;积极开展大学生课外科技活动;培养高素质的实验技术队伍。