摘要：为探究埋入式光纤与隧道衬砌的耦合性能,分别从理论与试验两个方面进行研究,并在实际工程中进行了验证。构建了光纤、中间体和基体结构力学分析模型,进行光纤应变传递机制理论分析,计算了光纤应变传递效率;使用钢筋混凝土梁模拟隧道衬砌,进行了2组不同加载速率的试验。其中,在同一根梁内(同一工况)设计6种光纤的布设方式,以位移控制的方式在梁跨中部位进行单点多级加载,使用BOFDA(布里渊散射光频域分析)技术分别对6条光纤进行监测。试验结果表明:6条光纤均可以有效监测梁从开始加载至钢筋开始屈服阶段,光纤与梁耦合性最好;钢筋开始屈服直至梁破坏阶段,光纤应变不再增加甚至减小或呈现出光纤断裂的状态,此过程光纤与梁耦合性较差;除开槽埋入式光纤的有效监测应变差为3000×10-6外,其余布设方式光纤有效监测应变差为2000×10-6;光纤在长距离(>>146 mm)埋入式布设情况下可认为其应变传递效率接近100%,2组不同试验结果呈现相似规律。在北京市新机场线地铁暗挖隧道CRD工法区间进行了工程应用研究,监测结果表明分布埋入式光纤布设工艺是可行的,可为分布式光纤技术在地下工程结构监测中的应用提供有价值的参考。

摘要：为揭示大容量高水分褐煤机组的超低负荷运行特性及性能优化方式,基于建立并验证的燃煤锅炉燃烧模型,研究了33%最大连续额定负荷下燃烧器运行方式对660 MW高水分褐煤锅炉炉内燃烧、传热及NO_(x)转化特性的影响。结果表明:超低负荷下炉内仍可形成良好组织的流动及燃烧场,但锅炉综合性能显著下降,如燃烧温度及受热面吸热量显著降低、炉膛出口NO_(x)排放增加等;运行4层燃烧器时投运连续的下、中间组或中间、上组燃烧器,可有效防止燃烧、传热过程的显著恶化及NO_(x)排放的明显增加;燃烧器投运层数影响锅炉综合性能,运行2层燃烧器时炉内剧烈燃烧区域过于集中,不利于维持较高的燃烧温度及传热强度,炉膛出口NO_(x)排放升高。研究结果揭示了超低负荷下燃烧器投运位置及层数对660 MW高水分褐煤锅炉综合性能的影响,可为大规模可再生能源电力并网背景下高水分褐煤机组参与深度调峰的运行调整及优化提供指导。

摘要：在预先制作的6根损伤RC梁两侧面受拉区开相互垂直的纵槽、竖槽,嵌入CFRP板,进行三点弯曲试验。研究纵槽间距、竖槽间距对加固RC梁抗弯性能的影响。结果表明,此加固方法可以提高加固梁正截面抗弯刚度,控制原有裂缝的发展、数量;竖槽CFRP板可作为锚固件,防止加固梁出现粘结破坏;随着纵槽间距增大,加固梁的抗弯性能减弱;本文推导的加固RC梁跨中挠度及抗弯承载力计算公式可作为构件设计依据。

摘要：以660 MW机组墙式切圆锅炉为对象,采用数值模拟方式研究了风率分配对煤粉锅炉炉内燃烧、受热面传热及NOx转化特性的影响规律。结果表明:在固定的燃尽风率下,一次风率的增大使得煤粉燃烧性能呈现先明显恶化而后有所改善的“V字型”变化趋势;一次风率升高将导致燃烧初期生成较多燃料型NOx,并导致炉膛出口NOx排放增大;燃尽风率不会改变燃烧性能随一次风率的变化规律,但其升高将导致煤粉燃烧性能显著恶化的临界一次风率下降;风率分配变化带来的一、二次风射流动量的变化是影响锅炉性能的主要因素,二者动量接近时将导致炉内燃烧性能显著恶化。据此,在锅炉实际运行中应尽量避免一次风率的大幅升高,若必须提高一次风率,则应适当降低燃尽风率来减轻一次风率升高后带来的锅炉性能的恶化。

摘要：近年来特大洪水和超标准洪水频繁发生,已建水利工程泄流能力不足问题日益突出。琴键堰在适当低水头条件下具有高效泄流效率。归纳了琴键堰主要结构参数对其泄流能力的影响及最佳取值,总结了琴键堰流态对泄流能力的影响,分析了琴键堰发生低水头行为的条件参数。通过对比现有琴键堰泄流能力估算公式,并结合国内外已有试验数据,采用遗传算法拟合推导了基于溢流堰轴线长度L、堰宽W、堰长B、堰高P、进出水宫室宽度比Wi/Wo及上下游倒悬长度比Bo/Bi流量系数计算式,整体误差小于6%。该式计算简单,适用于琴键堰整体泄流能力估算,可根据实际需求选取合适的估算公式。琴键堰主要结构参数的最佳取值及泄流能力的计算方法可为超标准洪水条件下泄流建筑物设计或改建提供估算依据。

摘要：The possible changes in the frequency of extreme temperature events in Hong Kong in the 21st century were investigated by statistically downscaling 26 sets of the daily global climate model projections （a combination of 11 models and 3 greenhouse gas emission scenarios, namely A2, A1B, and B1） of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The models’ performance in simulating the past climate during 1971–2000 has also been verified and discussed. The verification revealed that the models in general have an acceptable skill in reproducing past statistics of extreme temperature events. Moreover, the models are more skillful in simulating the past climate of the hot nights and cold days than that of the very hot days. The projection results suggested that, in the 21st century, the frequency of occurrence of extremely high temperature events in Hong Kong would increase significantly while that of the extremely low temperature events is expected to drop significantly. Based on the multi-model scenario ensemble mean, the average annual numbers of very hot days and hot nights in Hong Kong are expected to increase significantly from 9 days and 16 nights in 1980–1999 to 89 days and 137 nights respectively in 2090–2099. On the other hand, the average annual number of cold days will drop from 17 days in 1980–1999 to about 1 day in 2090–2099. About 65 percent of the model-scenario combinations indicate that there will be on average less than one cold day in 2090–2099. While all the model-emission scenarios in general have projected consistent trends in the change of temperature extremes in the 21st century, there is a large divergence in the projections between difierent model/emission scenarios. This reflects that there are still large uncertainties in the model simulation of the future climate of extreme temperature events.

摘要：随着一批高水头、大流量高拱坝的建设,水垫塘合理布置便成为工程设计中的一项重大技术问题,而动水冲击压力是水垫塘的一个重要指标。测压管法是目前水工模型试验中常用的较经济的方法。为了评价测压管测量水垫塘动水冲击压力的灵敏性,采用三维紊流数值模拟方法,对不同的测压孔内径和测压管内径比值下的水垫塘动水冲击压力测量敏感性进行分析,并用模型试验进行验证。研究结果表明:测压孔内径和测压管内径的比值对动水冲击压力测量有较大的影响,区别于常规水工模型试验要求(测压孔内径应小于2 mm,测压管内径宜大于6 mm);建议测压孔内径和测压管内径的比应大于0.7且测压管内径宜大于6 mm,并对冲击核心区域用脉动压力传感器法结合测量。

摘要：The possible changes in the frequency of extreme rainfall events in Hong Kong in the 21st century were investigated by statistically downscaling 30 sets of the daily global climate model projections （involving a combination of 12 models and 3 greenhouse gas emission scenarios, namely, A2, A1B, and B1） of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. To cater for the intermittent and skewed character of the daily rainfall, multiple stepwise logistic regression and multiple stepwise linear regression were employed to develop the downscaling models for predicting rainfall occurrence and rainfall amount, respectively. Verification of the simulation of the 1971-2000 climate reveals that the models in general have an acceptable skill in reproducing past statistics of extreme rainfall events in Hong Kong. The projection results suggest that, in the 21st century, the annual number of rain days in Hong Kong is expected to decrease while the daily rainfall intensity will increase, concurrent with the expected increase in annual rainfall. Based on the multi-model scenario ensemble mean, the annual number of rain day is expected to drop from 104 days in 1980 1999 to about 77 days in 2090 2099. For extreme rainfall events, about 90% of the model-scenario combinations indicate an increase in the annual number of days with daily rainfall ~〉 100 mm （R100） towards the end of the 21st century. The mean number of R100 is expected to increase from 3.5 days in 1980 1999 to about 5.3 days in 2090 2099. The projected changes in other extreme rainfall indices also suggest that the rainfall in Hong Kong in the 21st century may also become more extreme with more uneven distributions of wet and dry periods. While most of the model-emission scenarios in general project consistent trends in the change of rainfall extremes in the 21st century, there is a large divergence in the projections among different model/emission scenarios. This reflects that there are sti

摘要：针对现有冻结站盐水循环系统存在热交换效率低、设备故障率高、电能浪费严重的现状,对其进行节能优化设计。取消管道泵,设计增加一种盐水自动平衡装置,实现盐水循环系统中盐水的平衡匹配,提高热交换效率。采用变频控制方式调节盐水泵拖动电机的转速达到控制盐水流量的目的,不但可降低管道压力,使盐水循环更加平稳,还可节约大量的电能。通过现场应用,优化设计后的盐水循环系统热交换效率高、制冷降温速度快、故障少,大大缩短了工期,经济效益可观。

摘要：针对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)S基因的保守序列设计引物,以TEGV疫苗毒株为模板,克隆S基因,并构建重组阳性质粒,优化反应体系和扩增条件,建立基于SYBR GreenⅠ染料的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对其特异性、重复性和灵敏度进行分析。结果显示:建立的检测方法灵敏度可达10拷贝/μL,标准曲线线性关系良好(r=0.997),扩增效率高,具有良好的特异性和重复性。使用该方法对124份临床疑似TGEV病料进行检测,阳性样本有17份,检测样本的阳性率为13.7%。该方法可用于兽医临床上TGEV的快速检测和流行病学分析。