摘要：燃料电池以高比能、低污染等独特优势,备受研究者的广泛关注。然而,燃料电池的商业化应用受到电极催化剂的性能、隔膜性能与成本等方面的限制。其中,氧还原反应作为燃料电池阴极的关键电极反应,其催化剂的电催化活性显著影响燃料电池性能和生产成本。因此,氧还原催化剂一直是燃料电池研究重要方向之一。碳基催化剂表现出了类似贵金属的电催化活性,通过优化碳基催化剂的结构及表面电子性质,能够降低氧还原反应过电势,促进氧还原四电子的反应过程,从而实现更高的能量转化效率。针对碳基催化剂在燃料电池中的基础应用,本文综述了近年来杂原子掺杂以及非贵金属与杂原子协同掺杂碳基催化剂的设计思路、电催化性能和潜在的催化机理等最新研究进展,并对未来发展方向进行了总结与展望。

摘要：The rational design of efficient and stable carbon-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions is crucial for improving energy density and long-term stability of rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,a general and controllable synthesis method was developed to prepare three-dimensional(3D)porous carbon composites embedded with diverse metal phosphide nanocrystallites by interfacial coordination of transition metal ions with phytic acid-doped polyaniline networks and subsequent *** acid as the dopant of polyaniline provides favorable anchoring sites for metal ions owing to the coordination ***,adjusting the concentration of adsorbed cobalt ions can achieve the phase regulation of transition metal ***,with abundant cobalt phosphide nanoparticles and nitrogen-and phosphorus-doping sites,the obtained carbon-based electrocatalysts exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activities toward oxygen reduction and evolution ***,the fabricated ZABs exhibited a high energy density,high power density of 368 mW cm^(-2),and good cycling/mechanical stability,which could power water splitting for integrated device fabrication with high gas yields.