摘要：Based on habitat type, Orthopteran insects in Jinan is grouped into five communities,namely Barrenland community,Xeric(vegetation) community, Hygrophytic-mesophytic community ,Halobiotic community,Spelaean community, each one of which has characteristic dominant orthopteran *** Shannon-Wiener function and Simpson index were employed to analyze community composition. Diversity and evenness were highest in the Xeric (vegetation) community(26862,09243 and 08145,09782) and lowest in the bare area community(08262,04150 and 05093,05533). The results of this study supported spatial heterogeneity *** structure,such as patchness and mosaicism,and vertical stratification of vegetation in the xeric(vegetation) habitat were found to play an important role in the species richness of orthopteran insect. In addition,the influence of cutting,grazing,and the spraying of insecticides on the population and community of orthopteran insect was also studied.

摘要：本文通过设计Y形迷宫实验,对螽斯属的优雅蝈螽Gampsocleis gratiosa、暗褐蝈螽Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura和鸣螽属的鼓翅鸣螽Uvarovites inflatus雌虫的性选择行为和交配行为进行了观察研究。结果表明:3种螽斯的交配行为谱一致,但交配时间上有差别;3种螽斯雌虫趋于选择体重较大的雄虫交配;体重和精包重之间呈现较复杂的相关性,但均以三次函数的拟合度(R2)最大;雄虫精包重占体重均在10.0%以上,分别为优雅蝈螽11.1%、暗褐蝈螽12.5%、鼓翅鸣螽14.9%。

摘要：目的利用锥形束CT在线研究食管癌放疗时的摆位误差,计算CTV到PTV的外放边界(MPTV)。方法应用医科达Synergy系统对食管癌患者治疗11例148次,分别在首次摆位后、摆位误差纠正后及治疗后行CBCT扫描,共获取444个CBCT信息,通过系统配有的匹配功能,获取的CBCT图像与计划CT图像相匹配,获取患者左右(X)、头脚(Y)和前后(Z)等3个方向的线性摆位误差,分析其摆位误差。结果 11例患者共行444次CBCT,首次摆位后CBCT扫描,系统误差(均数)±随机误差(标准差)在X、Y、Z方向上分别为(-0.17±3.62)、(1.82±3.97)、(-2.34±2.10)mm,误差纠正后再次行CBCT,结果显示摆位误差明显缩小(P<0.05)。与纠正后比较,治疗后摆位误差增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。纠正前X、Y、Z轴上MPTV分别为8.49、9.09、5.67mm,纠正后X、Y、Z方向的MPTV分别为1.80、2.47、2.21mm。结论本组病例食管癌放疗时Y方向摆位误差最大,X方向次之,Z方向最小;分次内误差在食管肿瘤治疗过程中变化明显,这在设计治疗计划时应予以考虑;通过CBCT获取食管癌患者的摆位误差并对其进行纠正,能显著降低分次间的摆位误差,提高放疗精确度,减小PTV外放边界。