摘要：煤层气作为一种富含甲烷(CH_(4))的非常规能源,其低浓度富集对于提升能源利用效率和减少温室气体排放具有重要意义。研究聚焦于通过膜分离技术实现CH_(4)/N_(2)的有效分离,设计一种具有增强骨架结构的新型膜材料。首先,采用静电纺丝法成功制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)多孔膜,并将其与嵌段聚合物SBS及金属有机框架材料Ni-MOF-74复合,形成具有增强结构的混合基质膜,并对所制备的膜进行了详细的形貌、结构及理化性能表征,包括X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积分析、拉伸强度和气体渗透测试。结果表明:PVDF多孔骨架与膜层材料间的结合性良好,形成了相互钳制的复合结构,显著提高了膜的机械稳定性。在最佳条件下,Ni-MOF-74与SBS聚合物质量比为0.2%的PM20膜具有显著改善的机械性能,拉伸强度达到29.5 MPa,较纯SBS树脂膜提高约50%。另外,PM20膜的单组分气体渗透性能优异,其CH4渗透率达到97×10^(-4) m^(2)/s,CH_(4)/N_(2)理想选择性为4.03。对于CH_(4)-N_(2)二组分混合气体,该膜也表现出较高的CH4渗透性和选择性。因此,本研究的新型膜材料具备优异的机械性能和气体渗透性能,在甲烷富集领域有一定应用潜力。

摘要：针对近距离煤层群开采自燃火灾防控难度大,传统防治理念落后的现状,提出了"超前采矿工程控氧化、超前综合预防控自燃、准确多元探测易治理"的自燃火灾超前协同防治理念,并给出其相应技术内涵。给出了在矿区、矿井、工作面尺度下最优采掘部署方案设计原则;建立了包含自然发火标志性气体临界值,井下原位光谱在线检测、自燃火灾威胁程度评估、气体流场动态平衡多点调控和井上下联合区域性注浆的超前综合预防技术;探索了基于多元电磁方法的隐蔽火源探测技术,指出基于红外遥感、磁法和电法的多元信息探测将是隐蔽火源探测的发展趋势。

摘要：引言固液两相流管道水力输送技术始于20世纪初，现已广泛应用于能源、化工、石油、矿业、水利、冶金及环保等各工业领域，量化管道内固液两相流流动特性对于指导输送系统的安全运行及优化设计尤为关键。长期以来，两相流复杂的力学特性给其流动过程的数学建模及模型求解带来了诸多困难。在研究两相流的流动特性时，基于宏观实验现象对其进行数学描述的方法已被广泛采用。

摘要：Coal mine fires,which can cause heavy casualties,environmental damages and a waste of coal resources,have become a worldwide *** at overcoming the drawbacks,such as a low analysis efficiency,poor stability and large monitoring error,of the existing underground coal fire monitoring technology,a novel monitoring system based on non-dispersive infrared(NDIR)spectroscopy is *** this study,first,the measurement principle of NDIR sensor,the gas concentration calculation and its temperature compensation algorithms were ***,taking CO and CH_(4) as examples,the liner correlation coefficients of absorbance and the temperature correction factors of the two indicator gases were calculated,and then the errors of concentration measurement for CO,CO_(2),CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(4) were further *** results disclose that the designed NDIR sensors can satisfy the requirements of industrial standards for monitoring the indicator gases for coal fire *** the established NDIR-based monitoring system,the NDIRbased spectrum analyzer and its auxiliary equipment boast intrinsically safe and explosion-proof performances and can achieve real-time and in-situ detection of indicator gases when installed close to the coal fire risk area ***,a field application of the NDIR-based monitoring system in a coal mine shows that the NDIR-based spectrum analyzer has a permissible difference from the chromatography in measuring the concentrations of various indicator ***,the advantages of high accuracy,quick analysis and excellent security of the NDIR-based monitoring system have promoted its application in many coal mines.