摘要：为了定位与发掘水稻产量性状高配合力数量性状座位(QTL),本研究按照不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,以泸恢8285与扬恢34杂交构建的重组自交系群体(RIL),分别与泸98A、Ⅱ-32A、冈46A杂交构建的双列杂交群体作为试验材料,在德阳、遂宁和泸州3种环境下对单株生物量、收获指数、单株产量、有效穗数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重等性状的一般配合力进行QTL定位。结果表明,3种环境下共检测到50个QTL,单个QTL对表型的贡献率变幅在3.26%~34.26%之间,其中qEP2-2、qSP2-2、qFGP2-2、qTGW1和qTGW25个QTL在3种环境下均有检出,qHI3、qEP7、qSP7、qSSR12-1和qTGW3-25个QTL在2种环境下检出,其他的QTL仅在其中1种环境下检出。此外,有27个QTL增效等位基因来自泸恢8258。本研究结果为进一步开展相关基因的精细定位、克隆和分子辅助选择育种奠定了基础。

摘要：[目的]探讨SSR标记遗传距离与水稻杂种优势的相关性。[方法]以5个不育系和4个恢复系为材料按5×4 NCⅡ方法配制20个杂交组合,选取36对与水稻产量相关的特异性SSR标记(与QTL连锁的标记)和124对非特异性SSR标记(一般标记)对9个供试亲本进行多态性分析,研究SSR标记遗传距离与水稻杂种优势的关系。[结果]特异性SSR标记遗传距离与水稻F1代各性状优势之间的相关性均不显著,而非特异性SSR标记遗传距离与株高、千粒重优势呈显著和极显著正相关,与结实率优势呈显著负相关,特异性SSR标记遗传距离与水稻单株产量优势相关更密切。[结论]SSR标记遗传距离与水稻杂种优势有一定的相关性,但相关系数较小,不足以预测水稻的杂种优势。

摘要：选用5个不育系与6个恢复系及其按照NCⅡ交配设计配制的30个杂交稻组合为材料,分析了杂交稻组合稻米镉含量与其亲本稻米镉含量的相关性。结果表明:恢复系间、保持系间、杂交组合间稻米镉含量差异均达极显著水平;杂交稻组合稻米镉含量与母本稻米镉含量呈显著正相关(r=0.378 7*),与父本稻米镉含量及父母本稻米镉含量平均值相关不显著。说明选育镉吸收量低的杂交水稻组合,不育系的选择比恢复系更为重要。

摘要：利用高配合力水稻三系恢复系泸恢8258与扬恢34杂交的F2,通过单粒传法获得1个由140个系组成的F8重组自交系群体,采用NCⅡ设计,每个系及2个亲本(共142个系)分别与3种不同胞质的不育系冈46A(冈型)、泸98A(K型)、Ⅱ–32A(印尼水田谷型)杂交,构建的双列杂交群体分别在四川农业科学院水稻高粱研究所德阳基地(简称"德阳基地")和四川省遂宁市大英县基地(简称"遂宁基地")进行田间试验,分析单株产量、单株有效穗、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重等5个产量构成要素的配合力及遗传效应。结果表明:5个性状的一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差均达到了显著或极显著水平;除千粒重外,其余4个性状在2个基地的广义和狭义遗传力均小于50%(千粒重广义和狭义的遗传力大于70%),表明这些性状容易受到环境的影响;各性状配合力的相关分析结果表明,除千粒重外,其余各性状一般配合力效应与单株产量一般配合力效应均呈极显著正相关;5个性状一般配合力效应在2个基地的重组自交系中均呈正态分布,表明这些性状的一般配合力是数量性状,可以应用QTL定位的方法研究这些性状。

摘要：为研究全香型杂交稻亲本产量性状的配合力、遗传力及性状间相关性,利用6个香型三系不育系(品香A、J91A、J92A、3758A、德香074A、宜香1A),与7个香型恢复系(德恢9466、旌玉香针、旌香占、R9315、R9451、农香39、19香),按照NCⅡ设计的原理,共组配了42个全香型杂交稻组合,对产量相关的11个性状进行配合力、遗传力、相关性分析,并比较所配组合与生产大面积应用的宜香优2115的竞争优势。结果表明:(1)各亲本间不同的性状一般配合力差异较大,本试验就不育系而言,品香A综合表现较为优异,其产量、穗长、每穗实粒数、结实率、粒长、长宽比性状的一般配合力均为正效应。恢复系是旌香占综合表现优异,其产量、有效穗数、穗长、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒质量、粒长、粒宽、长宽比性状一般配合力为正效应。(2)11个性状的一般配合力方差占比均大于50.00%,粒长和长宽比这2个性状占比高达100%,表明亲本间的加性效应在这些性状中占主要作用,穗长、千粒质量、粒宽和长宽比4个性状母本(不育系)一般配合力方差的占比均大于60.00%,母本效应占主要作用。产量、每穗粒数、结实率和粒长这4个性状父本(恢复系)一般配合力方差占比大于50.00%,父本效应占主要作用。(3)穗长、着粒密度、千粒质量、粒长、粒宽和长宽比6个性状的狭义和广义遗传力都大于60.00%,说明这6个性状受到环境的影响相对较小,在杂交选育时,在早期世代选择就有较好的效果。(4)产量与每穗实粒数和结实率呈极显著正相关,这说明增加每穗实粒数是提高产量的有效途径。(5)全香型杂交稻在有效穗数、每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度、长宽比5个性状上比宜香优2115更有竞争优势。品香A和旌香占产量性状一般配合力高,容易组配出产量高的杂交稻组合,具有较大的育种利用潜力。

摘要：分析中国与南亚水稻恢复系资源产量及其构成要素的一般配合力差异,为引进与利用南亚资源提供参考。利用来自中国和印度等国的37份恢复系材料,按照NCⅡ设计,分别与冈46A、泸98A和德香074杂交,获得111份杂交种作为试验材料,在四川泸州和德阳两个环境下,分析8个产量性状的配合力。结果表明:(1)8个性状在两个环境下,一般配合力和特殊配合力方差达到显著或极显著水平,一般配合力方差均大于特殊配合力方差,表明这些性状基因的加性效应占主导地位。(2)8个性状杂种一代性状受恢复系的影响大于不育系。(3)印度和孟加拉材料有效穗一般配合力好于中国资源,其他性状一般配合力中国资源优于南亚来源材料。中国与南亚恢复资源产量性状配合力有一定的差异,印度和孟加拉资源有效穗配合力较好,中国恢复系资源其他性状较好。

摘要：A population of 140 recombinant inbred lines at F8 generation were obtained after seven successive generations of self-pollination using single seed descent（SSD） method from the F2 hybrids of three-line restorers Luhui 8258 with high combining ability and Yanghui 34. Then, the 140 inbred lines obtained above and their parents Luhui 8258 and Yanghui 34 were crossed with three different types of cyto-plasmic male sterile（CMS） lines（Gang 46 A, Ⅱ-32 A and Lu 98A） according to NCⅡ design. The resulting 426 combinations were planted at Deyang and Suining bases to test the combining ability and inheritance of five yield traits： yield per plant, panicle number per plant, filled grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. The results showed that the variances of both general and specific combining abilities of the five traits all reached a significant or extremely significant level at the two sites. The broad and narrow heritability of the yield traits（except 1 000-grain weight whose broad and narrow heritability were both over70%） were all below 50% at the two experimental bases, suggesting that the four traits were easily subjected to environment influence. Very significant positive correlation of general combining ability was found between yield per plant and other traits except 1 000-grain weight. The general combining ability variance showed a normal distribution among the recombinant inbred lines at two sites, right in line with inheritance of quantitative traits. So, the genes controlling rice general combining ability can be targeted by QTL mapping.

摘要：[Objective] This study was conducted to analyze the difference in the general combining ability of yield traits of rice varieties in China and South Asia and to provide reference for the introduction and utilization of rice restorer lines from South Asia. [Method] A total of 111 hybrids were obtained by crossing 37 restorer lines in China and South Asia with Gang 46A, Lu 98A and Dexiang 074 following a NC II design. The combining ability of eight yield traits of the hybrids was analyzed in Luzhou and Deyang bases of Sichuan Province. [Result] In both bases, the eight yield traits had significant or extremely significant differences between the combina- tions, restorer lines, sterile lines or sterile line^restorer line, suggesting that there were d^erences in the genetic effects between the combinations or lines. The gen- eral combining ability （GCA） variances were all higher than special combining ability （SCA） variances in parents, which indicated that these traits were affected by gene additive effect. Restorer lines contributed more to F1 generation than male sterile liens in the eight yield traits. Nine restorer lines from India and Bangladesh were ranked in the top 15 lines with high GCA in the number of productive tillers in both bases. [***] There was significant differences in the combining ability in the eight yield traits between the restorer lines from China and South Asia. The lines from India and Bangladesh were better than those from China in the GCA of the number of productive tillers, and the lines from China were better than those from India and Bangladesh in the GCA of other traits.

摘要：利用香型高配合力三系不育系德香074A及其他4个生产上应用面积较大的不育系(K22A、冈46A、Ⅱ-32A和K17A),按照NCⅡ设计的原理,分别与明恢63、成恢727、泸恢H103、泸恢8258和蜀恢527等5个恢复系杂交,构建双列杂交群体,分析了单株产量、单株有效穗数、单穗质量、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重等7个产量相关性状的遗传力及配合力。结果表明,德香074A共有6个性状一般配合力效应值为正值,分别是单株产量(9.04)、单株有效穗数(6.27)、单穗质量(3.29)、每穗实粒数(0.15)、结实率(1.40)和千粒重(2.40),是供试不育系中正值性状最多的不育系。7个性状中,千粒重的遗传力最强,广义和狭义遗传力分别为94.69%和80.69%,表明这一性状不易受环境的影响。