摘要：本试验旨在确定以鸡肉粉(PBM)为替代蛋白质源时大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)饲料中最低鱼粉含量以及添加水杨酸盐对饲料中鱼粉替代水平的影响。进行2个饲养试验,其中试验1采用单因素试验设计,基础饲料(F40)鱼粉含量为40%,利用PBM分别替代F40中鱼粉的80%和90%以构建饲料F8和F4;试验2采用2×2双因素试验设计,先利用大豆浓缩蛋白、棉籽粕和肠膜蛋白(DPS)的混合物替代F8和F4中的PBM构建饲料F8D和F4D,再分别在F8D和F4D中添加0.005%的水杨酸盐构建饲料F8DS和F4DS。F40、F8和F4中动物蛋白质占饲料蛋白质的比例为63%,F8D和F8DS中降低至51%,F4D和F4DS中降低至49%。试验1和试验2同时进行,所用的大口黑鲈幼鱼初始体质量为(13.1±0.1)g,在流水养殖系统内饲养10周。结果显示:试验1中,饲料中鱼粉替代水平显著影响大口黑鲈的饲料系数(FCR)、氮贮积效率(NRE)、全鱼粗蛋白质含量、单位鱼产量的鱼粉消耗量(FIFO)(P0.05);与投喂F40的大口黑鲈相比,投喂F8和F4的大口黑鲈WG分别下降1.5%和7.9%,FBW分别下降1.8%和9.4%。试验2中,添加水杨酸盐与否显著影响大口黑鲈的FCR、NRE、HSI和NW(P0.05);与投喂F40的大口黑鲈相比,投喂F8D、F4D、F8DS和F4DS的大口黑鲈的WG分别下降12.1%、15.7%、2.5%和5.4%,FBW分别下降9.9%、13.0%、2.0%和4.6%。综上可知,以PBM为单一替代蛋白质源时,可将大口黑鲈饲料鱼粉含量由40%降低至8%而不会对其生长、饲料利用效率和废物排放量产生显著影响,进一步将饲料鱼粉含量降低至4%则导致大口黑鲈生长明显减慢,饲料利用效率下降,NW显著增加。在低鱼粉饲料中添加0.005%水杨酸盐可改善大口黑鲈的生长和NRE。根据本研究结果,在大口黑鲈养殖生产中应用无鱼粉饲料仍然面临挑战。

摘要：The green alga Tetraselmis subcordiformis has been widely used as a quality live food for aquaculture species, and also has been studied as a model organism for the photo-biological production of hydrogen. We attempted to quantify the relationship between T. subcordiformis specific growth rate （SGR） and three important environmental factors （temperature, salinity, and pH） using the central composite design and response surface method under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the linear effects of temperature and salinity were significant （P〈0.05）, and they were equally important in impacting T. subcordiformis specific growth; the linear effect of pH was not significant （P〉0.05）; the interactive effect of temperature and pH was significant （P〈0.05）, whereas the temperature ~ salinity and salinity x pH interactions were not significant （P〉0.05）; all of the quadratic effects of the three factors were significant （P〈0.05）. A model equation for specific growth rate with the three factors was established, with the unadjusted and predictive R2 as high as 0.990 and 0.921, respectively, suggesting that the model was a very good fit and that it could be used to predict SGR. Through optimizing the reliable model, an optimal 3-factor combination of 25~C/35 of salinity/pH 7.9 was obtained, at which the maximum specific growth rate （0.65） was recorded, with a desirability value of 93.8%. These experimental results could serve as guidelines for increasing T. subcordiformis production efficiency.