摘要：作为社会科学研究的重要领域,基层治理勾连了国家-社会关系、政府层级关系、社会领域内的微观行为,是解读中国之治的“富矿”所在,因此也吸引了多学科的研究者。由于研究领域及研究者的特征,这一领域非但议题庞杂,也充满了方法的争议、视角的竞争。基层治理研究应以寻求因果解释性知识为使命;这就意味着共同体须基于共享的宏观理论话语、中层理论概念和微观经验命题,在研究问题的提取、分析要素的设计与方法的选择上形成必要的共识,追求可嵌入到既有研究领域脉络中的共享性因果机制解释。在未来,这些局部性、竞争性的机制模型,可为共同体进一步探索基层治理的一般性、一致性知识提供元素;计算社会科学方法的出现可望为基层治理研究的范式转型开辟道路,基层治理的“一般原理”亦将极可能以前所未有的形式出现。

摘要：在我国的政策过程中,为实现特定目标而进行的政-社合作已成为重要的创新方向,而这类创新经常由基层或下级官员在执行政策过程中的策略所引致,因此是一种基层执行过程中的创新。对J省L县农村垃圾源头分类政策执行的研究表明,以政-社合作为主要内容的创新策略实质在于,为了实现政策目标,通过一系列连带关系和奖惩、激励机制的设计将各方力量整合动员到政策过程中,并通过身份构建将各方利益主体的行为和认知合理化。目标约束下基层政策执行中创新策略,使得执行者能够自主地建构公民的社会身份,进而影响其行为,巩固政策的合法性基础,并将公民纳入到政策执行的链条中,从而实现政策目标。

摘要：中国社会组织的现实状况及晚近的理论成果均表明,社会组织的独立性和自主性是一组相互关联但本质上不能互相替代的概念,而两者间的实际组合关系却是复杂多样的。探究两者之间的关联机制,是建构或完善关于中国社会组织特征的通则式解释的必要步骤。通过整合资源依赖理论和制度逻辑视角,可以在组织层次探讨影响独立性与自主性间关系的多重机制,并借助于混合研究设计,使用相关数据对上述机制进行验证。实证结果显示:社会组织相对于政府的资源独立性越高,其自主性越大;社会组织对经典第三部门理念的认同度(结构认同/行动认同)越高,组织自主性越大;组织的行动认同能够正向调节独立性与自主性间的关系。进一步的案例研究佐证了上述结果的价值。这表明,其他机制往往可以替代、抵消或者制约资源依附所带来的影响,在现实情境中组织独立性与自主性间的关系并无单一定论。

摘要：针对农村基层治理,已有研究从网络关系视角探讨了宗族、民间信仰和族群等社会传统"载体"在提升村庄治理方面的作用,然而大部分都集中于分析"横向"网络关系促成村庄有效治理的机理,或多或少地忽视了"自上而下"的行政系统与村庄非正式治理结构间相互重叠、勾连的基本现实。实际上,从政府组织网络自身特点、村庄自身社会结构和精英状况出发,着重分析(正式)制度设计与(非正式)社会关系交织下的村庄内部互动模式,可以发现,关键官员特征导致政府推广网络的构成差异既会影响政策的推广速度,也会影响到其与村庄内精英间的互动模式。且上述互动模式的差异,会进一步影响基于社会传统("孝道"或"伦理")的社会自组织的后续运作状况;同时,村庄自身的经济和社会关系系统等结构性因素,则决定着自组织形式能否长期提升治理质量。这一发现可构成对学界较为流行的"强政府论"和"传统论"理论取向的反思和批判。

摘要：Existing research on grassroots rural governance in China adopts a network perspective to explore the role of traditional social vehicles including clans,clan clusters and popular beliefs in improving village ***,most of this research has concentrated on analyzing the way in which horizontal network relationships lead to effective village *** has thus to some extent neglected the basic reality of the overlapping interconnections between the ＂top-down＂ administrative system and the informal structure of village *** fact,an analysis that proceeds from the features of the government＇s own organizational network,the social structure of the village itself and the position of its elites in order to focus on modes of interaction within the village under the intermixture of（formal） system design and（informal） social relations,shows that differences in the composition of the government＇s promotional networks resulting from the traits of keyofficials affect the speed of policy dissemination as well as the government＇s mode of interaction with the village ***,differences in these modes of interaction further influence the subsequent operation of self-organization based on social traditions（＂filial piety＂ or ＂morality＂）.At the same time,structural elements,including the economic and social relations of the village itself,determine whether self-organization will improve the quality of governance in the long *** finding can serve as a reflection on and critique of the theories of ＂strong government＂ and ＂tradition＂ current in academia.

摘要：The actual state of affairs of Chinese social organizations and the latest theoretical findings on the subject indicate that independence and autonomy are concepts that are interrelated but not fundamentally interchangeable; their actual organizational relationship is complex and varied. Exploration of the relationship between the two concepts is a necessary step in the construction and improvement of a rule-based interpretation of the characteristics of Chinese social organizations. Combining resource dependence theory with the institutional logics perspective enables us to analyze the multiple mechanisms influencing the relationship between independence and autonomy at the organizational level and to test for these mechanisms using a mixed methods research design. Our empirical findings indicate that social organizations gain greater autonomy when they have greater independence from government resources and when they strongly identify, structurally and behaviorally, with classical third sector theory. Organizations＇ behavioral identification can regulate the relationship between independence and autonomy. Further case studies support the value of the above findings. This shows that other mechanisms can often replace, offset or constrain the effects of resource dependence. In the real world, no single fixed theory can cover the independence-autonomy relationship.

摘要：作为对保守主义志愿理论的反动,萨拉蒙提出的"志愿失灵"理论将政府视为志愿部门有效提供公共服务的必要条件。沿着"志愿失灵"的四个维度——"慈善不足""慈善的特殊主义""慈善的家长制作风""慈善的业余主义"铺展开去,可以发现该理论框架不仅能够检视政府作为志愿组织的重要补充性机制,同样可以用来审视政府的作用是否能够真正地帮助非营利组织摆脱或克服"志愿失灵"的困境。结合国内政府购买公共服务的现实状况,可发现政府对志愿失灵的化解作用并非完全积极,甚至不当介入会使得问题更加复杂。要解决此问题,则需要从组织资源的优化配置、社区参与的制度设计、政府购买服务的支持体系、政府责任边界明晰等方面入手。