摘要：超声图像中的特殊斑点噪声严重影响了图像质量 ,针对此问题提出了一种基于Nakagami分布的自适应斑点抑制与边缘增强方法 .根据斑点噪声的Nakagami分布模型 ,设计一个基于斑点局部统计特性的自适应滤波器 .并应用“窄条”技术以不同方向与长度的“窄条”来近似图像的局部线性特性 ,滤波区域采用“窄条”代替常用的方形窗口 ,其中“窄条”的方向由假设试验优化方法确定 ,“窄条”长度与斑点的局部统计特性相关 .实验证明 ,该方法在抑制斑点噪声、保留与增强图像边缘和细节方面均具有良好的性能 .

摘要：针对高斯混合模型用于图像分割时仅利用了像素的灰度信息,而忽视空间位置信息,导致在噪声区域和边界处有误分割现象,提出一种自适应空间邻域信息高斯混合模型的图像分割法.该方法定义了一个能够有力抑制噪声点、很好保留边界特性的自适应空间邻域信息函数.在此基础上,设计了每个像素由某个类生成的邻域信息加权概率,并证明了该加权概率满足归一性和空间连续性2个准则;最后,利用EM优化算法给出模型参数E步和M步迭代求解公式.通过人工合成图像与真实图像的实验表明,该方法具有满意的分割效果.

摘要：条带噪声是影响MODIS数据影像质量与反演精度的重要因素之一。针对MODIS数据中存在的三类条带噪声,提出了一种去除多类条带噪声的变分方法。该方法针对MODIS数据中条带噪声的类型设计相应的能量项:对于探测器间条带噪声和镜边条带噪声,采用直方图匹配变分项;对于随机噪声条带,采用单向消除项。各能量项通过权重系数组合构成总能量泛函,利用梯度下降流法最小化该泛函并离散数值化求解,从而实现条带噪声的消除。实验结果表明,提出的方法能够有效地去除MODIS数据的多类条带噪声。

摘要：A methodology for alignment of an X-ray image and a CT image, based on the Chamfer 3-4 distance transform and simulated annealing optimization algorithm is presented. Firstly, an initial transformation matrix is constructed. For the convenience of computing, geometric models of the X-ray device to reconstruct the calibration matrix are used. Then, by defining the distance between the 3-D protective and the 2-D object image, we optimize this distance matching problem, using the simulated annealing algorithm. This method is also integrated into medical intra-operation, dealing with the data set acquired from 3-D image workstation and active navigation.

摘要：Ghost artifacts occur in magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） reconstruction because odd and even echoes have different phase offsets. A method based on the projection in hybrid-space is described to remove ghost artifacts. First, the projection of the even and odd lines along phase-encoding direction in hybrid-space was used to estimate the phase difference between odd and even echoes. Secondly, we fit the phase difference and used it to correct the phase of even or odd echoes. Finally, the corrected image was obtained by performing the inverse Fourier transform along phase-encoding direction in hybrid-space. The experimental results show that linear and nonlinear differences can be corrected and the intensity of ghost artifacts is significantly reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in ghost artifact removal.

摘要：本文提出了一种基于共轭对称列率复数哈达码变换(CS-SCHT)的鲁棒水印算法.在水印嵌入时,选择图像的CS-SCHT系数幅度作为水印载体,同时设计一种新的人眼视觉系统改善含水印图像的不可见性.检测时,运用Kolmogorov-Smirno方法估计系数幅度的近似分布.然后根据该分布构造局部最优检测器.实验表明该变换适合于水印领域,新检测器具有良好的鲁棒性,且人眼视觉系统能够改善含水印图像的视觉质量.

摘要：设计并实现了一个基于知识的人脑三维医学图象分析显示系统，完成了脑组织的自动分割及显示．系统包含动态模块及静态模块两部分．静态模块即人脑知识库，存贮脑内各组织形态、生理及图象灰度方面的知识．动态模块包含全局数据区、图象处理算子集和控制规则集．在知识的指导下，运用“智能光线跟踪”方法提取、显示脑内主要解剖结构．

摘要：A simple procedure to plan, verify and implement craniospinal irradiation（CSI） with patients supine is presented. Treatment is conducted with a single posterior spinal field abutting two lateral cranial fields. The opposed lateral fields are half-blocked and the inferior line is perpendicular. The posterior field uses some fixed field parameters so that the cephalad edge of the posterior field is coplanar with the caudal edges of the lateral fields and it is independent of the height of the couch. A steel-shot ball is used to measure the size of overlap or gap at the junction using portal images of an electron portal image device or portal films. The results of analyzing the portal images show that the errors of the junction are within ± 1 mm. The dose-volume histograms （DVHs）show that there are not unbearable hot or cold spots in the clinic target volumes （CTVs）. Supine craniospinal treatment is a reliable and convenient alternative to treatment in the prone position and avoids the technical difficulties of the latter. The use of fixed field geometry greatly facilitates treatment planning and effectively reduces the amount of time of setup, verification and treatment.

摘要：为了促进内放射治疗技术尽早运用到PTA术后周围血管再狭窄的治疗中去,提出一种基于主动漫游的周围血管内放射治疗计划的混合优化方法。首先利用主动漫游获取血管的几何结构,然后建立数学模型对治疗计划方案进行优化。为了加快优化速度,根据待优化参数的属性,综合运用BFGS算法和模拟退火算法来进行优化。实验结果表明,采用上述方法得到了较好的剂量表面直方图,等处方剂量线与治疗区血管内表面吻合良好,并具有较快的计算速度.

摘要：为了提高粒子群优化算法中粒子搜索最优解的效率,该文在标准粒子群优化算法的基础上,提出一种改进的粒子群优化算法。该方法通过对粒子飞行轨迹的分析,对种群中每个粒子构建了评价粒子性能差异的等级标准,并对认识系数和社会系数设计了对应的动态变化系数模型。通过引入迁徙策略,使迁徙行为随机生成的新粒子更有可能接近全局最优解,更加有利于群体搜索跳出局部最优解和寻找全局最优解。实验结果表明,与其他比较算法相比,该文提出的改进粒子群优化算法具有寻优能力强和搜索精度高等优点,测试准测上的实验数据验证了改进算法的有效性和可行性。