摘要：随着高温超导技术的日趋成熟,中小型磁约束装置的优势日渐明显。与大型托卡马克相比,偶极场、场反位形和磁镜等装置的结构相对简单,建造和维护成本较低,且更易实现能维持高等离子体压强的磁场位形,这意味着在低磁场下能实现更好的等离子体约束。此外,这些装置在物理原理上具有各自独特的优势,如磁镜装置具有开放的磁场位形和相对简单的结构设计,能支持灵活多样的实验并保持相对稳态运行;场反位形(FRC)装置的极高β值(β为等离子体压强与磁压之比)使得基于FRC的聚变装置在工程上更可行;偶极场装置因其类似地球磁场位形,具有天然良好的磁流体稳定性,有助于维持等离子体的约束。本文重点介绍了磁约束聚变方案中的磁镜、场反位形及偶极场的研究历史、技术进展和未来发展方向,阐述了这3类装置在聚变能研究中的重要性及面临的挑战。此类装置的小型化和经济性也使其在商业化方面更具潜力,能更灵活地进行技术调整和技术创新融合,吸引更多商业资本投入,加速聚变能的实现。

摘要：A new terrella-like device for laboratory simulation of inner magnetosphere plasmas,Dipole Research Experiment,is scheduled to be built at the Harbin Institute of Technology（HIT）,China,as a major state scientific research facility for space physics *** is designed to provide a ground experimental platform to reproduce the inner magnetosphere to simulate the processes of trapping,acceleration,and transport of energetic charged particles restrained in a dipole magnetic field *** scaling relation of hydromagnetism between the laboratory plasma of the device and the geomagnetosphere plasma is applied to resemble geospace processes in the Dipole Research Experiment *** plasma sources,different kinds of coils with specific functions,and advanced diagnostics are designed to be equipped in the facility for *** motivation,design criteria for the Dipole Research Experiment experiments and the means applied to generate the plasma of desired parameters in the laboratory are also described.

摘要：偶极场磁约束聚变等离子体研究源自宇宙星球磁层等离子体物理研究,是一种与托卡马克、仿星器等理论基础及磁约束原理有重大区别的新途径。偶极场聚变最大优点是:结构简单、等离子体不破裂、极高比压(大于100%)等,这些特性表明偶极场聚变可望用于建造稳态运行、无氚自持和14 MeV中子等先进聚变堆。本章介绍了目前美国MIT和日本东京大学分别建造的LDX和RT-1两个偶极场聚变物理装置取得的新实验进展,分析了其理论和实验经验。针对我国基础科研发展战略需求,提出开展偶极场聚变等离子体基础物理及实验装置建造的国家支持建议。最后简要介绍了江西省科技厅重点研发项目支持的CAT-1偶极场聚变大科学装置培育项目情况。