摘要：Controllably mounting foreign atoms on the surfaces of earth-abundant electrocatalysts strongly improve their surface electronic properties for optimizing the catalytic performance of surficial sites to an unusual level,and provides a good platform to gain deep insights into catalytic *** present work describes,employing ultrafine W2C nanoislands(average size:2.3 nm)monodispersed on the N,P dual-doped carbon frameworks as a model system,how to regulate the atomic phosphorous-mounting effect on the surfaces of W_(2)C to derive an active and stable P-mounting W_(2)C(WCP)catalyst for both acidic and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Since in situ phosphorus substitution into carbon sites of preformed W_(2)C nanoislands gradually proceeds from surfaces to solids,so that using a proper amount of phosphorus sources can readily control the surface mounting level to avoid the mass P-doping into the *** this way,the activity per active site of WCP catalyst with robust stability can be optimized to 0.07 and 0.56 H_(2 )s^(-1) at-200 mV overpotential in acid and base,respectively,which reach up to the several-fold of pure-phase W_(2)C(0.01 and 0.05 H_(2) s^(-1)).Theoretical investigations suggest that compared with solid P doping,the P mounting on W_(2)C surface can more remarkably enhance its metallicity and decrease the hydrogen release *** finding disclosed a key correlation between surface foreign atom-mounting and catalytic activity,and suggested a logical extension to other earth-abundant catalysts for various catalytic reactions.

摘要：钾离子电容器是一种新型的电化学储能器件,碳基材料被认为是最有前途的储钾候选材料之一.然而,K+半径较大使得迁移速率缓慢,脱嵌过程中材料的结构易破坏,导致性能显著下降.因此,开发出低成本的碳材料来适应K+扩散的热力学与动力学需求,已成为当前发展的瓶颈.煤沥青是煤焦油经蒸馏提取液体馏分后得到的残余物,它的组成主要为稠环芳烃,具有高的含碳量、可塑性好、资源集中、价格低廉等显著优点,是一种优质的碳基材料前驱体.鉴于此,本工作采用煤沥青作为碳源、聚四氟乙烯为氟源,氯化钠为模板剂,通过直接高温碳化的策略制备了氟氮共掺杂的多孔碳纳米片(FNCPC).研究表明,纳米片层的结构设计有效缩短了离子的传输路径,F、N共掺杂拓宽了碳的层间距,缓解了体积膨胀问题,并且形成更多的表面缺陷,可为K+的存储提供更多的反应活性位点.此外,电化学动力学分析和密度泛函理论(DFT)表明,FNCPC具备显著的赝电容特性和强的对K吸附能.得益于结构和化学性质的协同优化,FNCPC负极展现出优异的储钾能力(2 A·g^(-1)电流密度下具有212.8 mAh·g^(-1)的比容量)和循环稳定性.进一步将商业化活性炭(AC)为正极,FNCPC为负极构筑了钾离子电容器(AC//FNCPC),该器件能实现最大的能量密度为87.5 Wh·kg^(-1),并且在循环3000次后具有86.1%的容量保持率,展现出广阔的应用前景.

摘要：为满足航空发动机上对高温合金波纹管的应用诉求,基于有限元分析数值软件模拟了一种大直径带法兰高温合金波纹管液压成形过程,研究了轴向进给距离、液室压力和回弹对波纹管成形质量的影响,并开展试验验证。结果表明,采用单侧冲头轴向进给补料的液压成形工艺可实现带法兰波纹管成形。随着轴向进给距离的增大,波纹高度逐渐增加,壁厚减薄减小,最大壁厚减薄位置出现在波峰靠近补料一侧圆角上。随着液室压力的增大,波纹高度进一步增加,波纹各处圆角逐渐成形到位。经回弹计算后获得内径为Φ198 mm,波纹高度为8.2 mm,壁厚为0.8 mm的带法兰波纹管液压成形工艺参数为轴向进给距离14 mm,液室压力70 MPa。工艺试验成形出的波纹管尺寸满足设计图要求。