摘要：热膨胀系数是材料热物理性能的重要参数.在温度剧烈变化服役环境下,航空航天工程中卫星、高超声速飞行器以及精密仪器仪表,微电子封装中大量结构的热变形需要精确的控制.发展热膨胀可调控的材料具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值.轻质复合材料凭借其轻量化,力学性能优异且热膨胀系数可设计的优点已成为热变形控制领域的重要材料.本文首先概括了材料和结构的热变形控制在工程中的重要应用以及已有低、负膨胀均质材料的研究现状.其次详细介绍了层合、颗粒增强及拓扑优化复合材料的热膨胀设计研究成果.最后重点综述了轻质点阵复合材料的几何结构设计方法,热膨胀调控机理,制备工艺及实验表征的最新研究成果.

摘要：尽管数字信号处理器已广泛用于执行复杂计算任务,但仍存在诸多不足,譬如模-数转换器成本高昂、运算复杂度高、低速和高功耗等.出于这个原因,最近人们对基于波的模拟计算产生了浓厚的兴趣.这种计算避免了模-数转换并可以执行大规模并行运算,特别是借助人工设计的超材料,一些对声波进行模拟计算的新方案陆续被提出.这种被称为计算超材料的计算系统,其计算速度可以与波速一样快,尺寸与波长一样小,可以对传入的波包进行复杂的数学运算,甚至可以执行积分、微分方程的计算.这些功能有望实现基于声波传播的新一代超快速、紧凑和高效的计算硬件.本文讨论了声波计算超材料领域的最新进展,调研了用于执行模拟计算的最新的超结构.接着,进一步介绍了声波计算超材料的应用,包括图像处理、边缘检测、方程求解和机器学习.最后,对研究的关键问题和未来可能的方向进行了展望.

摘要：通过引入一个无量纲参数,将重量和雷达吸波性能两个优化目标结合于同一个目标函数中,提出了针对含有多孔材料芯层的夹芯型雷达吸波结构(RASS)的一种多目标优化设计方法.优化模型为承受均布载荷的悬臂夹芯板,考虑4种不同形式的芯层.由传输矩阵法和周期矩量法计算出镜面反射率的平均值,作为表征吸波性能的指标;而面板屈服、芯层剪切破坏和面板起皱则作为优化设计中的力学性能约束.优化结果表明,以填充超轻质海绵体的复合材料二维点阵为芯层的夹芯结构,比含有多孔泡沫或六角蜂窝芯层的夹芯结构更适合作为轻质夹芯型雷达吸波结构.Kagome二维点阵则表现出优于正方二维点阵的吸波性能.

摘要：The classic anisotropic spherical cloak can be mimicked by many alternating thin layers of isotropic metamaterials [Qiu et al. Phys. Rev. E 79 （2009） 047602]. We propose an improved method of designing permittivity and permeability in each isotropic layer, which eliminates the jumping of the refractive index at the interface. Multilayered spherical cloaks designed by the present method perform much better than those by Qiu et al., especially for forward scattering. It is found that the ratio of layer thickness to the operating wavelength plays an important role in achieving invisibility. The presented cloak should be discretized to at least 40 layers to meet the thickness threshold corresponding to 10% scattering.

摘要：By introducing a dimensionless parameter to couple the two objectives, weight and radar absorbing performance, into a single objective function, a multi-objective optimization procedure for the radar absorbing sandwich structure （RASS） with a cellular core is proposed. The optimization models considered are one-side clamped sandwich panels with four kinds of cores subject to uniformly distributed loads. The average specular reflectivity calculated with the transfer matrix method and the periodic moment method is utilized to characterize the radar absorbing performance, while the mechanical constraints include the facesheet yielding, core shearing, and facesheet wrinkling. The optimization analysis indicates that the sandwich structure with a two-dimensional （2D） composite lattice core filled with ultra-lightweight sponge may be a better candidate of lightweight RASS than those with cellular foam or hexagonal honeycomb cores. The 2D Kagome lattice is found to outperform the square lattice with respect to radar absorbing.

摘要：超磁致伸缩材料在力磁耦合作用下具有复杂的迟滞响应。Preisach模型可有效描述物理过程中的滞后现象,它具有两个重要特性,即擦除特性和同余特性。擦除特性是指输入局部极大值擦除了加载过程中小于该值的所有极大值,或输入局部极小值擦除了加载过程中大于该值的所有极小值,同时,与这些历史极值相应的加载历史也被擦除,不再影响之后的输出。同余特性是指输入极大值与极小值相同的所有闭合曲线一致。本文通过实验系统地研究了超磁致伸缩材料在多轴力磁耦合场作用下的磁致伸缩曲线、磁滞回线和应力应变的迟滞行为,发现其在力磁耦合下的非线性滞后行为具有擦除特性和同余特性。这满足了Preisach模型描述滞后现象的两个基本要求,验证了利用Preisach模型描述超磁致伸缩材料迟滞行为的可行性,为超磁致伸缩材料的非线性理论和器件设计提供了依据。

摘要：In this paper,we propose a homogenization theory for designing graded viscoelastic sonic crystals（VSCs） which consist of periodic arrays of elastic scatterers embedded in a viscoelastic host *** extend an elastic homogenization theory to VSC by using the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle and propose an analytical effective loss factor of *** results of VSC and the equivalent structure calculated by using the finite element method are in good *** to the relation of the effective loss factor to the filling fraction,a graded VSC plate is easily and quickly ***,the graded VSC may have potential applications in the vibration absorption and noise reduction fields.

摘要：Traveling wave piezoelectric beam actuators(TWPBAs)present an advantageous structural configuration for self-moving actuators and hold significant promise for operation in confined ***,current research on TWPBAs faces several limitations,including deficient design methods of excitation and structural parameters,inadequate evaluation metrics,and lack of a quantitative relationship between these parameters and evaluation *** study presents a systematic approach to determining TWPBAs'structure and excitation parameters,proposes criteria for determining the excitation parameters through an established analytical model,and introduces an effective evaluation method for TWPBAs'*** the analytical model and evaluation metrics,we reveal:(1)the coupling relationship between excitation parameters and structural parameters,(2)the influence of participating mode pairs on vibration response,(3)the quantitative relationship between the evaluation metrics and excitation parameters is also *** conclusions are substantiated by the results of finite element analysis,laser vibration measurements,and motion test ***,the practical application of TWPBAs in pipeline operations underscores their potential for use in endoscopy and precision instruments.