摘要：Global ecological degradation is a matter of enormous concern. In the early 20 st century, the United States, Europe and China began to apply eco-technology to ecosystem management and restoration in order to slow down or stop ecological degradation. To date, there has been neither a systematic summary and scientific evaluation, nor is there a unified platform to describe ecological degradation problems in different areas and existing eco-technologies. These shortcomings have hindered the popularization and application of technologies. This study intends to build an eco-technology evaluation platform and integration system that brings together heterogeneous data from multiple sources. The key technology of the eco-technology evaluation platform and integration system is information integration technology. We will establish a metadata engine based on metadata storage to achieve access to and integration of metadata and heterogeneous data sources. The information integration mode based on a metamodel addresses information heterogeneity at four levels： system, syntax, structure and semantics. We develop the framework for an eco-technology evaluation platform and integration system to integrate ecotechnology databases, eco-technology evaluation model databases, eco-technology evaluation parameter databases and spatial databases of ecological degradation and eco-technology with metadata and metamodel integration mode. This system can support functions for the query and display of global and typical ecological degradation and the query, display, evaluation and prioritization of eco-technologies, which can realize the visualization of global and Chinese ecological degradation and eco-technology evaluation and prioritization. This system will help government decision makers and relevant departments to understand ecological degradation and the effects of ecotechnology implementation.

摘要：以高效利用为目标的农业资源管理，其任务是对土地资源进行科学有效的管理，但传统的管理手段和技术已不能满足目前我国土地资源管理的实际需要，迫切要求研制开发基于ＧＩＳ的土地资源管理系统（ＬＲＭＳ）。该ＬＲＭＳ由空间数据库、属性数据库、专家知识库、模型库和交互式人机界面等部分组成，系统设计时充分考虑了国家规范和用户的实际需求，坚持科学性、实用性和规范性的统一，通过在山东省宁津县的初步试运行，能够满足县、乡、村各级土地管理部门及有关农业资源管理部门的实际需求，具有在全国各县推广应用的广阔前景。

摘要：高寒草甸是青藏高原分布面积最大的草地类型,其土壤保持功能对于保护敏感而脆弱的青藏高原生态与环境具有重要的生态学意义.该文选取青藏高原北缘地区作为采样点,采用风洞实验方法,人为设计不同干扰方式,找出不同干扰方式下土壤风蚀率的变化规律,并以定量化方式揭示高寒草甸土壤保持功能的大小及其经济价值.通过实验得出:不同破坏程度和不同风速都会对风蚀率产生影响.一般情况下,土壤风蚀率随不同破坏程度和风速的增加而呈现出非线性的增加趋势.同时,随着风蚀现象的发生,土壤养分含量也出现不同程度的下降.最后,该文通过设置不同情景,对高寒草甸生态系统土壤保持功能进行价值评价,得出青藏高原高寒草甸仅土壤保持功能的经济价值就达1.5～4.6亿元a.

摘要：提出了适合精准农业的农田地理信息系统概念,对FGIS进行了总体设计与功能模块划分,定义了各功能模块应具备的功能,并得出精准施肥作业处方图。

摘要：通过土壤密集采样识别农田土壤物理生化性状的空间差异,构建土壤与农作物产量关系模型,用间接方法提高土壤性状信息的分辨率并定量评价这些信息的可靠性非常必要。在评价多种插值方法的基础上,对中国科学院上海精准农业示范基地每公顷3个样本、等距离系统抽样的280个土壤有机质样本采用克立格方法进行插值,估算样本之间土壤有机质含量和分析估算的可靠性,并与距离倒数函数插值法进行对比。对几个减少样本数量的方案进行分析,提出在满足精准水稻种植管理分区要求前提下可减少1/2原有土壤采样样本,并给出适于水稻精准种植土壤采样设计的逐步优化方法。

摘要：精准农业 ( Precision Farm ing)是美国 2 0世纪 80年代初提出的农业经营概念 ,它的最大特点是充分考虑农田特征的空间变异 ,根据农田性质的空间差异对农作物实行不同的管理措施 ,如变量施肥、变量灌溉等 ,其目标是获得最大的经济收益和最少的环境污染。水稻精准种植是精准农业思想的具体实现 ,在实施过程中需要使用的信息包括 :GPS定位信息、农田地理信息、田间采样信息、农业气象信息、作物产量信息、作物长势信息和水稻栽培专家知识等。为管理和处理这些信息并使之为水稻种植服务 ,水稻精准种植信息系统应当由属性数据管理、农田空间数据管理、专家系统、遥感数据处理和管理决策等子系统构成。为便于系统的开发、完善和推广 ,整个系统基于组件式地理信息系统开发工具 ,用 VB编程实现。

摘要：Rapid growth in population and gross domestic product in Chinese urban regions such as Beijing has resulted in a large amount of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Forests are considered the most important carbon sink to offset these carbon emissions. In this study we estimated forest carbon storage in Beijing using forest inventory data and the biomass expansion factors method. We analyzed trends in the forest ecosystem and its fractions along altitudinal gradients. We concluded that broad-leaved forest is the main forest carbon pool in Beijing, and forest carbon is mainly stored in plains at an altitude of＆lt;60 m a.s.l. and in the low mountainous area at an altitude of 60-600 m a.s.l. Forest ecosystem carbon density in Beijing increases with altitudinal gradients but slightly decreases in regions at altitudes that range from 200-400 m a.s.l. Forest vegetation carbon density of the plain area at an altitude of ＆lt;60 m a.s.l. is much higher than other areas, attributable to the high ratios of the plantation of Populus spp. and Larix principisrupprechtii with higher vegetation carbon densities than others and human practices such as fertilization and irrigation which are beneifcial for vegetation carbon accumulation. The forest soil carbon density in Beijing also increases with increasing altitude, attributable to decreasing soil carbon output with altitude. Management practices such as understory cultivation, irrigation, fertilization and scariifcation directly accelerate carbon emissions from soil heterotrophic respiration which decreases with altitude. Soil erosion in areas that range from 200-800 m a.s.l. also decrease with altitude as management practices decrease. This study will underpin scientiifc knowledge for local forest managers to adopt more appropriate practices to protect forest ecosystems and to improve forest carbon storage.

摘要：为解决水源涵养优劣评估结果空间可比性差的问题,在拟合1990-2018年中国生态系统水源涵养动态数据基础上,构建基于参照系的水源涵养功能优劣等级评估方法体系,从全国和分区尺度揭示中国生态系统水源涵养功能优劣格局与演变规律,阐明该方法的优越性。结果表明:(1)2015年中国全国生态系统水源涵养功能以差级别占主导,约占总面积的44.8%,主要分布于西北、青藏高原、华北平原和东北平原。1990-2018年中国生态系统水源涵养功能中等级面积极显著降低,差等级面积显著增加,其余类型呈波动变化。(2)各气候区生态系统水源涵养优劣等级构成因气候、生态系统构成等差异而不同,一般为气候区愈湿润,其优良等级比重愈高。1990-2018年,共有10个气候区的优、良、中、低或差等级面积发生了显著变化,主要为优、良、中等级以显著降低为主,差等级全显著增加。(3)与其他方法相比,基于参照系的生态系统水源涵养功能优劣评估法因引入分区分类评估思想,评估结果更科学,空间可比性显著提高。

摘要：随着城市化进程的加快,城区不透水面积急剧增加,改变了城市自然水循环。充分认识与发挥城市绿地调蓄雨水径流的积极作用,对于城市生态环境的改善和绿地资源的建设管理具有重要意义。以2009年北京城市园林绿地调查数据为基础,采用径流系数法和影子价格法评估了绿地调蓄雨水径流的功能及其价值。结果表明:2009年北京城市绿地生态系统调蓄雨水径流1.54亿m3,单位面积绿地调蓄雨水径流2494 m3/hm2;绿地年调蓄雨水径流价值13.44亿元,约合2.18万元/hm2;不同区县绿地调蓄雨水功能主要受其面积影响,朝阳区绿地调蓄雨水径流及其价值量最高,其次为海淀区、顺义区、丰台区区和通州区绿地,而密云县、怀柔区和门头沟区绿地调蓄雨水径流能力及其价值较低。研究结果对于认识北京城市绿地的功能与价值、促进城市绿地的科学管理和建设维护具有一定的指导意义。

摘要：研制开发了水稻精准种植信息处理系统和精准农业谷物联合收割机智能测产应用系统,水稻精准种植信息处理系统由农田GIS和农田DSS组成,采用面向空间、对象和用户的基本设计思想,具有网络化、构件化、层次化、智能化、可视化和开放性等特点;智能联合收割机自动测产应用系统充分采用低成本高精度全球定位DGPS技术、RS遥感图像识别技术、数字地球GIS技术、智能传感器技术、计算机软硬件系统技术,在收割过程中可直观、准确地提供地块的粮食产量及产量分布。