摘要：结合基础有机化学实验的特点,设计了固体碱催化下的苯甲醛与丙酮的羟醛缩合反应路线。以镁铝水滑石为前躯体焙烧制得镁铝复合氧化物,并经复原处理制得固体碱催化剂。以酮醛摩尔比为33∶1,催化剂用量为反应物质量的5%,在冰水浴温度(0℃)和氩气保护下反应3h,生成的β-羟基酮占所有产物的85.0%,苯甲醛的转化率为92.0%。利用硅胶柱层析法对粗产物进行了分离和纯化。实验结果表明,此工艺流程符合有机化学实验的要求。

摘要：Aiming at the major failure mode of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes (PCCP),namely the fracture of prestressed steel wires,the broken wire detection technology based on orthogonal electromagnetic principle is studied. The detection system model is established and optimized by using COMSOL finite element simulation software. Furthermore,the theoretical analysis of the wire-breaking effect is carried out. The influence of factors on broken wire signal characteristics such as edge effect,circumferential relative position of the detector and broken wires,excitation frequency and relative permeability of steel wires is analyzed,which provides a theoretical guidance for the field detection. The influence of the steel cylinder structure on the simulation results is analyzed,which provides a reference for the improvement of calculation efficiency. The corresponding detection system is designed and implemented. Concretely,a high-voltage and high-power sinusoidal signal coil drive scheme based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation technology and an intelligent power module is innovatively proposed and the corresponding protection circuit is designed. The broken wire signal could be effectively extracted through a lock-in amplifier. The experimental results show that this system can effectively identify the broken wires with low cost.

摘要：开采扰动导致煤层底板一定范围内岩体处于峰后状态,受相邻巷道开挖及煤层开采作用促使峰后岩体经历循环加−卸载过程,为探究不同地应力环境下峰后循环载荷作用对岩体结构的影响,明晰煤层底板突水等灾害的孕育过程,基于Rock Top多场耦合试验仪对砂岩开展了5、10、15、20、25 MPa围压峰后循环载荷试验研究。研究结果表明:①峰后循环载荷作用之前,岩石单位渗透率均呈快速下降—趋于平稳—突然上升—突然下降—趋于平稳的变化规律,峰后循环阶段,岩石单位渗透率则与轴向载荷近乎呈倒置关系;②岩石弹性模量、裂隙闭合应力、起裂应力、损伤应力、峰值应力、残余应力均与围压呈正相关,泊松比则随围压增大呈先增大后减小的变化特点;③5、10 MPa围压下,岩石出现间歇性破坏,脆性破坏特征有所减弱,15、20、25 MPa围压下,岩石脆性破坏特征明显,岩石破坏特征由岩石本身性质所决定;④峰后轴向载荷主要对岩石渗透率增大起促进作用,但该促进作用较围压对岩石渗透率的抑制作用弱,围压为影响岩石峰后渗透率变化的主导因素;⑤不同围压下,岩石均产生了一条贯穿剪切裂纹,但随围压增大,岩石破坏程度逐渐减弱,破坏模式趋于简单。