摘要：“发明训练营”开课了!这是《科学启蒙》送给大家的礼物哦!我们从读者来信中发现,大家十分喜爱“创意擂台”这个栏目,很多小读者的创意也很独特。看来大家对发明创造都很感兴趣,所以本刊特地开办了“发明训练营”,教大家发明创造的方法,希望大家都能成为小发明家!

摘要：Exchange coupling within nanomagnetism is a rapidly evolving field with significant implications for that plays a crucial role in the development of magnetic *** exchange coupling interaction enables the magnetic systems to overcome limitations associated with size-dependent magnetic behavior within nano scale,thereby improving their magnetic properties and providing for superior performance in biomedical applications compared with single-phase magnetic *** the underlying mechanism of exchange coupling and its impact on macroscopic magnetic properties is crucial for the design and application of such magnetic *** review provides an overview of recent advances in interfacial exchange coupling among different magnetic modalities-ferromagnetism,ferrimagnetism,and antiferromagnetism-based on core-shell magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs).Additionally,this review discusses micromagnetic simulations to gain insights into the relationship between the microscopic magnetic structure(size,shape,composition,and exchange coupling)and the resulting macroscopic *** controlled synthesis of MNPs is summarized,including one-step method and two-step *** precise manipulation of interfacial characteristics is of great importance,albeit challenging,as it allows for the finetuning of magnetic properties tailored for specific *** review also explores potential applications of coreshell MNPs in magnetic resonance imaging,hyperthermia therapy,targeted drug delivery,and advanced neuromodulation.

摘要：目的:通过研究大围山云雾林蕨类的Alpha多样性指数、物种丰富度和稀有性指数,探讨了不同干扰程度下主要环境因子变化及林下蕨类植物生物多样性响应。方法:设置长100 m样带3条,样带内每隔10 m设置一个1 m×1 m样方,统计各样方内的蕨类植物的种类及数量,记录、采集标本;同时,检测林冠开阔度(Canopy openness,CO)、空气相对湿度(Relative humidity,RH)和表层土温(Surface temperature,ST)。结果:(1)重度干扰使林下光线和土壤表层温度改变,蕨类种类与数量均增加;(2)重度和中度干扰下,蕨类植物种类和数量在短时间内均增加,但可持续性差;(3)轻度干扰下,原始生境中的差异化未受破坏。结论:人为干扰在短期能丰富局地蕨类多样性,但可持续性差,且对森林整体而言多样性贡献率极小。分析表明攀缘卷柏、钝叶卷柏、华中瘤足蕨和蛇足石杉可作为大围山云雾林生境的指示种。