摘要：In order to effectively improve the properties of anion exchange membrane(AEM)materials,a series of novel poly(aryl ether nitrile)s with flexible side-chain-type quaternary phosphonium cations(PAEN-TPP-x)were designed and prepared on the basis of considering the influences of polymer backbone,cationic group species and the connection way between the cations and polymer *** synthetic method,structure and ion-exchange capacity,water absorption,swelling,hydroxide conductivity and alkaline stability of the obtained AEMs were studied.A comparative study with other reported AEMs was also performed for further exploration of the relationship between the structure and *** AEMs with flexible side-chain-type quaternary phosphonium cations displayed good comprehensive *** water uptakes and swelling ratios were in the range of 11.6%–22.7%and 4.4%–7.8%at 60℃,*** had hydroxide conductivity in the range of 28.6–45.8 mS cm^-1 at 60℃.Moreover,these AEMs also exhibited improved alkaline stability,and the hydroxide conductivity for PAEN-TPP-0.35 could remain 82.1%and 80.6%of its initial value at 60 and 90℃in 2 mol L^-1 NaOH solution for480 h,respectively.

摘要：为了提高聚合物阴离子交换膜的电导率、碱稳定性和尺寸稳定性,本研究通过分子结构设计,利用4-氟-2,2,2-三氟苯乙酮、3,5-二甲基苯酚、苯酚为起始原料,经两步有机反应合成了含二甲基苯氧基苯侧基的新型活性双酚单体:1,1-二(4-羟基苯基)-1-(4-(3,5-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)苯基-2,2,2-三氟乙烷(2),并将其与联苯二酚、4,4’-二氟二苯砜经芳香亲核共缩聚、溴代、季铵化反应制备了两类具有梳型结构的聚芳醚砜阴离子交换膜材料(2-PAES-QA-xx和2-PAES-Im-xx).利用核磁共振光谱对制备的活性双酚单体、含甲基结构初始聚芳醚砜、澳化聚芳醚砜及离子化聚合物的结构进行了表征和分析;详细研究了2-PAES-QA-xx和2-PAES-Im-xx膜的吸水率、尺寸稳定性、离子电导率、热稳定性、机械性能、耐碱稳定性等,并进一步比较了不同类型阴离子交换膜(AEM)的结构与性能之间的关系.得到的AEM表现出了较好的综合性能,60℃时膜的OIT电导率分别为35.9~51.6和32.6~44.9 mS/cm.代表性的2-PAES-QA-60和2-PAES-Im-60的OH^-电导率在80℃的4 mol/L NaOH中浸泡336 h后分别保持初始值的79.7%和88.5%.本研究为梳型AEM材料的设计制备提供了新策略.

摘要：Increasing the local charge density of flexible side-chain cations in the hydrophilic segments of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)is helpful for improving their ***,due to limitations of structural design strategies and available synthetic methods,very few AEMs with more than four flexible side-chain cationic groups in hydrophilic segments have been *** order to further improve the hydroxide conductivity,alkaline stability and dimensional stability,herein we report a series of AEMs containing eight flexible side-chain cations in hydrophilic segments,based on poly(aryl ether sulfone)s(PAES).The synthesis,ion exchange capacity(IEC),water absorption,dimensional swelling,alkaline stability and hydroxide conductivity of the obtained membranes(PAES-8TMA-x)were examined and the relationships between structures and properties of different types of AEMs were also systematically *** resulting AEMs with IEC values of1.76–2.76 mmol g^-1 displayed comprehensively desirable properties,with hydroxide conductivities of 62.7–92.8 m S cm^-1 and dimensional swelling in the range of 8.3%to15.8%at 60℃.The IEC and hydroxide conductivity for a representative sample,PAES-8TMA-0.35,maintained 82.2%and 79.6%of the initial values after being immersed in2 mol L^-1 Na OH at 90℃ for 480 h,*** study expands the design and preparation of AEMs containing high local densities of flexible side chain cations,and provides a new strategy for new AEM materials.

摘要：通过两步有机反应,设计合成了一种含3,5-二苯基苯侧基结构的活性二氟砜单体--3,3’-二(3,5-二苯基苯)-4,4’-二氟二苯砜。以此单体、4,4’-二氟二苯砜和4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮为起始原料,经过芳香亲核取代缩聚和温和的后磺化反应,制备了一系列磺化聚芳砜质子交换膜(TS-PAS-xx)。分别利用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对所制聚合物的结构进行了表征分析。结果表明,所制质子交换膜表现出适中的吸水率和较低的溶胀率,在80℃时,膜的溶胀率均不超过15.7%。原子力显微镜测试表明这些质子交换膜形成了明显的"亲水-疏水"相分离结构,该结构有利于质子传导率的提高,80℃时TS-PAS-34膜的质子传导率达到了182 mS/cm,与Nafion112相当,优于其它已报道的一些具有相同离子交换容量(IEC)的聚芳砜质子交换膜的传导率。该膜还具有良好的热性能、力学性能和优异的耐化学氧化稳定性。

摘要：后浇带作为控制裂缝的有效措施,目前已经广泛采用。结合工程实例,对设计、施工等方面应注意的问题进行了分析、总结,详细阐述了后浇带设置的关键技术以及质量控制措施。