摘要：水稻叶倾角是指叶片与茎秆之间的夹角,叶倾角影响叶片光合作用速率,与株型和产量密切相关,如直立叶片就是水稻理想株型形态因素之一。叶倾角的大小受到多种植物激素的调控,是油菜素内酯、生长素、赤霉素、茉莉酸等多种激素相互作用的结果,另外,其他因素如根系分布、叶片大小、生长环境等也会对水稻叶倾角大小产生一定的影响。本文根据水稻叶倾角的研究进展,着重从叶枕的发育、激素水平及其他因素等方面,对水稻叶倾角的分子机制及其在育种中的应用进行阐述与总结,以期为水稻株型的分子设计育种提供参考,为进一步提高水稻的产量奠定理论基础。

摘要：稻曲病由稻曲病菌引起,是水稻穗部的重要病害。利用同源克隆和RACE技术,根据丝状真菌相对保守的氨基酸序列设计简并引物,从稻曲病菌中分离了丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)编码基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为UvHog1。UvHog1含有MAPK保守的蛋白激酶激活域(TGY),序列与稻瘟病菌MgOsm1(AAF09475.1)、球孢白僵菌BbHog1(AAS77871.1)、烟曲霉AfOsm1(XP752664.1)和隐球酵母CrHog1(AAM26267.1)等MAPK高度同源,相似性分别为95%、93%、88%和81%。系统聚类结果表明,UvHog1与酵母Hog1MAPK同源。在盐胁迫条件下,UvHog1的相对表达量明显降低,表明UvHog1参与了对盐胁迫的信号响应。

摘要：茶树(Camellia sinensis)是我国重要的经济作物。小贯小绿叶蝉(Empoasca onukii)是为害茶树的主要害虫之一。叶蝉三棒缨小蜂(Stethyniumempoascae)是小贯小绿叶蝉的主要卵寄生蜂,但茶树花对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的引诱机制尚不明确。基于析因设计的方差分析结果显示,茶树花可引诱天敌叶蝉三棒缨小蜂,显著缩短其寄生行为的搜寻时间。茶树花可显著增强叶蝉为害茶梢对缨小蜂的吸引作用,而对健康茶梢的增强效应不显著。基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的结果显示,健康茶梢中的挥发物种类和相对含量较少,而叶蝉为害茶梢和茶树花中挥发物种类和相对含量显著增多。偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)结果显示,茶树花挥发物具有明显的聚类特征。变量重要性投影结果表明,17种茶树花挥发物在判别分析中可能起重要作用。行为测定结果显示,α-水芹烯、顺式氧化芳樟醇、反式氧化芳樟醇、苯甲醛和苯乙酮对叶蝉三棒缨小蜂具有显著的引诱效果。研究初步阐明了茶树花通过释放挥发物引诱叶蝉三棒缨小蜂的机制,为制定叶蝉的生物防治策略提供了理论依据。

摘要：Rice(Oryza sativa)spikelets are a unique inflorescence structure and their development directly determines grain size and *** many genes related to spikelet development have been reported,the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have not been fully *** this study,we identified a new recessive rice mutant,lacking rudimentary glume 1(lrg1).The lrg1 spikelets only formed one rudimentary glume,which,along with the sterile lemmas,was homeotically transformed into lemma-like organs and acquired lemma *** transition from the spikelet to the floral meristem was delayed in the lrg1 mutant,resulting in the formation of an ectopic lemma-like organ between the sterile lemma and the terminal *** addition,we found that the abnormal lrg1 grain phenotype resulted from the alteration of cell numbers and the hull ***1 encodes a ZOS4-06-C2H2 zinc-finger protein with the typical EAR motifs,and is expressed in all organs and ***1 localizes to the nucleus and can interact with the TOPLESS-RELATED PROTEINs(TPRs)to repress the expressions of their downstream target *** together,our results reveal that LRG1 plays an important role in the regulation of spikelet organ identity and grain size.