摘要：当输入至输出间的开销电压和／或充电电流较高时，线性电池充电器的功耗就会相当大，以标准的便携式DVD播放器诘构（包含一个双节锂离子电池组，一个电压为12V、额定充电电流为12A的车载适配器）为例，线性充电器的平均功耗大于5W，解决过高开销问题的简单办法就是使用bqSWITCHER^TM bq241xx系列开关式充电器。内部的功率FET能够提供高达2A的充电电流。同步PWM控制器的工作频率为1．1MHz，其输入电压最高可达18V，非常适用于由1、2或3节电池供电的系统。该解决方案具有高电压、高电流以及高效率等优异特性，井集成了反向漏电保护及内部环路补偿电路，所有这些都完美在小型的3．5mm×45mm QFN封装中，不但能够节约板级空间而且还可显著缩短设计时间。

摘要：The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge *** goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic *** do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched *** will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the *** design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals *** we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.