摘要：Anthropogenic aerosols are effective radiative forcing agents that perturb the Earth’s climate. Major emission sources shifted from the western to eastern hemisphere around the 1980 s. An ensemble of single-forcing simulations with an Earth System Model reveals two stages of aerosol-induced climate change in response to the global aerosol increase for 1940–1980 and the zonal shift of aerosol forcing for 1980–2020, respectively. Here, using idealized experiments with hierarchical models, we show that the aerosol increase and shift modes of aerosol-forced climate change are dynamically distinct, governed by the inter-hemispheric energy transport and basin-wide ocean–atmosphere interactions, *** aerosol increase mode dominates in the motionless slab ocean model but is damped by ocean dynamics. Free of zonal-mean energy perturbation, characterized by an anomalous North Atlantic warming and North Pacific cooling, the zonal shift mode is amplified by interactive ocean dynamics through Bjerknes feedback. Both modes contribute to a La Ni?a-like pattern over the equatorial Pacific. We suggest that a global perspective that accommodates the evolving geographical distribution of aerosol emissions is vital for understanding the aerosol-forced historical climate change.

摘要：自下而上的村庄规划编制模式缺乏对全域资源的统筹和对村庄发展的分类引导,导致村庄职能定位同质、资源浪费严重、空间布局不当、部门缺乏协调等问题。随着生态文明建设和国土空间规划的新要求,村庄规划逐渐从建设导向转向全域资源管控和乡村治理。从政策导向、实践需求、理论深化的角度剖析了新时期全域资源管控要求,在对全域资源管控要素、管控路径、技术基础解析的基础上提出村庄分类及发展引导的思路。通过分析全域资源环境特征和管控要求,将枣阳市村庄分为生态管控—保护型村庄、农业发展—提升型村庄、城镇建设—共融型村庄和乡村协调—转化型村庄,针对不同类型村庄探讨了其发展的思路与方向,对于找准乡村定位、节约利用资源、制定治理对策、实现乡村振兴具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。

摘要：在直接体绘制中,传输函数定义了从数据属性到光学属性的映射关系,直接决定了绘制的效果,是体绘制研究的关键技术之一。为了使体绘制技术在气象领域真正发挥作用,必须结合气象规律研究和设计面向气象数据体绘制的传输函数。研究台风数据的特点以及针对台风数据体绘制的传输函数的设计流程,在数据值梯度直方图基础上结合光照参数设计了台风标量场数据的传输函数,采用台风的温度、湿度以及云量等数据进行体绘制,更好地显示了台风的内部结构,对于认识台风起到了促进作用。

摘要：中小河流治理工程是当前我国的一项重要的水利工程建设任务,它有力提高了城镇河流的防洪能力,但河流的生态功能方面存在一定的片面性和盲目性。以江西省农村小河流的实地调研为基础,结合中小河流治理的现状,分析农村小河流现状及固岸存在的问题,在对比中小河流工程护坡治理特征差异的同时,探讨以防洪、生态为一体的农村小河流生态固岸新模式,为今后小河流治理的规划设计和建设摸清道路。