摘要：Objective: The purpose of this study wa. to eva.ua.e the preva.ence of microbia. inva.ion of the a.niotic ca.ity a. the time of preterm cesa.ea. delivery for thera.y-resista.t preterm la.or or preterm prema.ure rupture of membra.es, which a.e events tha. commonly a.e induced by infection, a.d to compa.e this group of pa.ients with a.group of pa.ients who underwent preterm cesa.ea. delivery for indica.ions other tha. preterm la.or or preterm prema.ure rupture of membra.es. Study design: We studied 207 consecutive women between 23 a.d 34 weeks of gesta.ion who underwent cesa.ea. delivery. These pa.ients were divided into 3 groups a.cording to the indica.ion for cesa.ea. delivery: pa.ients with preterm la.or (group 1), pa.ients with preterm prema.ure rupture of membra.es (group 2), a.d pa.ients with other indica.ions (group 3). In the course of the surgica. procedure, a.niotic fluid, a.niotic membra.e, a.d pla.enta. tissue specimens were collected for the detection of pa.hogens. Results: Urea.la.ma.urea.yticum wa. detected in 43.9%(58/132) of the pa.ients of groups 1 a.d 2, with no significa.t difference between these 2 subgroups. In group 3, which served a. the compa.ison group,Urea.la.ma.urea.yticum wa. isola.ed in only 2.7%(2/75) of the pa.ients. Urea.la.ma.urea.yticum a. a.single pa.hogen wa. more frequent tha. a.l obliga.e pa.hogens together (43.9%vs 39.3%). Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for a. a.socia.ion between intra.terine coloniza.ion with Urea.la.ma.urea.yticum a.d both thera.y-resista.t preterm la.or a.d preterm prema.ure rupture of membra.es.