摘要：Objectives: To evaluate the benefit of fluconazole prophylaxis in preventing.i nvasive fung.l infection in very low birth weig.t (VLBW) infants with central va scular access. Study desig.: A 3-year baseline period (1998 to 2000)was compare d with a subsequent 3-year period (2001 to 2003) during.which a different proto col for preventing.invasive fung.l infection was used. All infants with a birth weig.t < 1500 g.and with central vascular access were elig.ble for the study. Fl uconazole (Diflucan R)was administered for 28 days at a dose of 6 mg.kg.every th ird day during.the first week and daily after the first week. Results: There wer e no sig.ificant differences between the baseline and the fluconazole g.oups in demog.aphic characteristics or risk factors for fung.l infection. Fung.l infecti on developed in 9 of the infants in the baseline g.oup and in none of those in t he fluconazole g.oup (P = .003). A trend of decreasing.mortality rate between th e 2 g.oups (12.6%vs 8.1%; P = .32) was observed but was not statistically sig. ificant. No adverse effects of fluconazole therapy were documented. Conclusions: Fluconazole prophylaxis appeared to be beneficial in preventing.invasive fung.l infection in VLBW infants.