摘要：Anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） injuries are common in soccer. Understanding ACL loading mechanisms and risk factors for ACL injury is critical for designing effective prevention programs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the relevant literature on ACL loading mechanisms, ACL injury risk factors, and current ACL injury prevention programs for soccer players. Literature has shown that tibial anterior translation due to shear force at the proximal end of tibia is the primary ACL loading mechanism. No evidence has been found showing that knee valgus moment is the primary ACL loading mechanism. ACL loading mechanisms are largely ignored in previous studies on risk factors for ACL injury. Identified risk factors have little connections to ACL loading mechanisms. The results of studies on ACL injury prevention programs for soccer players are inconsistent. Current ACL injury prevention programs for soccer players are clinically ineffective due to low compliance. Future studies are urgently needed to identify risk factors for ACL injury in soccer that are connected to ACL loading mechanisms and have cause-and-effect relationships with injury rate, and to develop new prevention programs to improve compliance.

摘要：近些年来,极限分析理论在边坡稳定性分析中应用广泛。笔者首先以上限定理为基础,并基于二次抛物线破坏准则,采用外切线法引入了非线性强度参数ct、φt;其次,考虑黄土抗拉强度较小,易出现拉裂缝的特性,推导出裂隙—直线型与对数螺旋线型破坏模式下黄土边坡极限高度与稳定系数的公式;最后,通过SQP(序列二次规划算法)法对陕北均质黄土边坡进行塑性极限分析,并与工程中常用的极限平衡法进行比较。结果表明了该方法的正确性以及在非线性取值方面的优越性。