摘要：计算流体力学（ＣＦＤ）方法的应用在锅炉设计或燃烧设备的改造过程中有着十分重要的作用．本文研究了实际燃烧过程中普遍存在的煤灰沉积现象对数值计算结果的影响，提出了描述煤灰沉积的新型传热模型，比较了新模型采用前后数值计算结果与实测数据的差异，从而验证了该模型的合理性，提高了对炉内积灰、结渣过程数值描述的精度．

摘要：Significant advancements in various research and technological fields have contributed to remarkable findings on the physiological dynamics of the human *** closely mimic the complex physiological environment,research has moved from two-dimensional(2D)culture systems to more sophisticated three-dimensional(3D)dynamic *** bioreactors or microfluidic-based culture models,cells are typically seeded on polymeric substrates or incorporated into 3D constructs which are mechanically stimulated to investigate cell response to mechanical stresses,such as tensile or *** review focuses on the working principles of mechanical stimulation devices currently available on the market or custom-built by research groups or protected by patents and highlights the main features still open to *** are the features which could be focused on to perform,in the future,more reliable and accurate mechanobiology studies.