摘要：Colloidal crystals are periodically ordered arrays of monodisperse colloidal particles which represent a new class of self-assembled materials showing potential applications in many ***-dimensional graphic nanostructures based on colloidal crystals have inherent periodicity from tens of nanometers to several micrometers,which gives them rich and interesting optical *** article presents a comprehensive review about the current research activities on the self-assembly of colloidal spheres which is an effective strategy for fabrication of various hierarchical and ordered nanostructures,with particular attention paid to the unique properties and applications of the colloidal crystal-based *** main aspects are elaborated:a)controllable self-assembly of colloidal crystals;b)the functions of the obtained colloidal spheres acting as the patterned mask for successive construction of numerous nanostructures;c)the novel properties and promising optical applications of the patterned nanostructures in various domains,such as plasmonic-related fields,antireflection,photonic crystals,photocatalysis and electronic *** that,the current challenges and future perspectives in this area are *** review aims to inspire more ingenious designs and exciting research for manufacturing nanostructures utilizing colloidal self-assembly.

摘要：The continuous emergence of drug-resistant bacteria has become a serious threat to human and animal *** new non-antibiotic therapeutic drugs with high efficiency and low resistance is a promising strategy for combating drug-resistant ***,a novel composite structure based on a hollow metal-organic framework(MOF)wrapped Au nanorod and loaded Pt nanoparticles(Au NR@H-ZIF-8@Pt)is designed for combating drug-resistant *** Au NR@H-ZIF-8@Pt composite structures serve a twofold purpose:(1)showing superior photothermal conversion efficiency under near-infrared light irradiation,thus achieving an antibacterial effect based on photothermal effect,and(2)exhibiting high-efficiency peroxidase-like activity,and effectively killing bacteria by reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated in *** combining photothermal and catalytic effects for in vitro antibacterial experiments,Au NR@H-ZIF-8@Pt exhibits efficient,rapid,broad-spectrum antibacterial activity(99.7%for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 98.3%for Staphylococcus aureus).In addition,in vivo experiments further demonstrate the advantages of the material in promoting bacterial infection wound *** study not only facilitates the design of novel biological nanomaterials,but also provides new ideas for combating drug-resistant bacteria.

摘要：大量研究表明,晶界和界面可以作为吸收缺陷(如空位、间隙原子)的"陷阱",因此含有大量晶界、界面的纳米晶、金属和氮化物纳米多层膜,具备良好的自愈合抗辐照能力,从而成为近年来的研究热点。综述了抗辐照纳米多层膜的研究进展,内容包括:材料的设计与制备,各种辐照模拟手段(如中子辐照、离子辐照和多束离子辐照)。重点介绍了离子束辐照模拟反应堆辐照,多层膜在离子束辐照下的行为(如微观结构和机械性能的演变)及纳米多层膜抗辐照机理。通过对CrN/AlTiN多层膜的离子辐照,验证了纳米多层膜中界面对缺陷的吸收作用。对纳米多层膜未来研究方向做了展望。

摘要：采用Zr对CeO_2/TiO_2催化剂进行改性,考察Zr掺杂对CeO_2/TiO_2催化剂NH_3选择性催化还原NO性能的影响,利用静态N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其脱硝机制进行分析。结果表明,Zr掺杂能够拓宽CeO_2/TiO_2催化剂的温度窗口,提高其脱硝活性和抗H_2O/SO_2性能。Zr掺杂能够增大CeO_2/TiO_2催化剂的比表面积和总孔容,抑制载体锐钛矿TiO_2发生晶相转变,显著提高催化剂的表面酸性,增加催化剂表面Ce^(3+)和化学吸附氧的原子浓度,使得催化剂表面NH_3吸附能力加强,氧化还原能力提高,有助于促进SCR反应的进行。

摘要：针对急冷锅炉采用ANSYS软件对急冷锅炉换热单元结构进行数值模拟,得到热负荷均匀情况下各炉管流量分配规律。根据辅助连接管的直径及位置提出6种结构方案,研究其流量分配规律,获得了最优结构。采用数值模拟研究得出最优结构入口联箱和扁圆管的速度场、压力场分布规律均较原结构均匀,从而验证这一结论的正确性。

摘要：从产量和有效成分含量两方面综合评价不同板蓝根种质在河北干旱地区的种植表现,筛选适宜当地种植的板蓝根优良种质。20份板蓝根种质按完全随机区组设计田间试验,采用高效液相色谱法测定(R,S)⁃告依春。20份种质的板蓝根产量范围为2.507~4.555 kg/m^(2),大青叶产量范围为66.070~118.897 g/m^(2),(R,S)⁃告依春含量范围为0.158%~0.315%。综合产量和含量数据,4号、13号、17号种质在根产量、叶产量和(R,S)⁃告依春含量三方面均表现优异。15号、3号、12号种质根产量和(R,S)⁃告依春含量两方面表现优异,而叶产量偏低。不同种质的板蓝根、大青叶产量及(R,S)⁃告依春含量均差异较大,综合产量与含量差异,筛选出根、叶产量和(R,S)⁃告依春含量均显著高的4号、13号、17号,根产量和(R,S)⁃告依春含量显著高,叶产量显著低的15号、3号、12号种质。可根据不同的生产需求选择适宜优良种质,用于后续大面积扩繁及作为育种材料继续选育新品种。