摘要：This study explores the relationship between socioeconomics and millinery style through an analysis of statistical data from the United States Bureau of Statistics. it was very common for women to wear hats in the early 20th century. Most studies regarding millinery are limited to a discussion of style, while some focus on extended functions of millinery styles such as how they aid in social communication. in this study, we discuss the relationship between a woman＇s socioeconomic status and her hat-wearing behavior. This study covers the period from 1900 through the 1960s, when there was a sudden decline in hat-wearing behavior. We analyzed the changes in the number of people listed in various occupational categories in the U.S. Bureau of Statistics data for each decade. Careful observation of labor distribution statistics for the job market can yield valuable insights about women＇s hat-wearing behaviors. Fluctuations in the population of the lower class were significantly correlated with changes in millinery. We also identified time-sensitive periods in millinery style that coincided with the two World Wars.

摘要：目的:分析发表于PubMed源期刊的针刺治疗单纯性肥胖症随机对照试验(RCT)的特点及文献质量,为以后相关RCT的设计和成果发表提供参考。方法:检索2000年—2016年PubMed数据库中语种为英文、有关针刺治疗单纯性肥胖症的RCT文献,并进行数据筛选、提取和分析。结果:纳入的14篇文献来源于亚洲地区6个不同国家;选取的治疗穴位以胃经穴位居多;针刺组疗效大于对照组;未检索到针刺与西医减肥疗法对照的RCT;14篇文献发表期刊的影响因子总体较低,质量仍然存在不少问题。结论:目前的RCT研究均肯定了针刺治疗单纯性肥胖症的疗效,但是缺乏针刺与西医减肥疗法对照的高质量RCT报道。

摘要：目的探讨复治肺结核患者耐药情况及相关危险因素,为制定肺结核防治策略提供相关参考依据。方法统一设计的调查问卷,选择全国22家医疗机构2009-2012年确诊的复治肺结核患者377例,按是否耐药分为耐药组和敏感组,比较两组在基本情况,首次治疗情况及既往史方面的差异,分析复治肺结核患者耐药的相关危险因素。结果复治肺结核患者中共148例耐药患者,耐药率为39.26%(148/377),经单因素分析结果表明结核病接触史(χ~2=6.375,P=0.012);治疗前症状及体征评分(χ~2=11.899,P=0.005);既往治疗次数(χ~2=10.209,P=0.001);既往用药个数(χ~2=3.986,P=0.046)及既往用药不良反应(χ~2=4.468,P=0.035)差异有统计学意义。多因素非条件logistic回归分析表明治疗前症状及体征评分≥6分和既往治疗>2次是耐药发生的独立危险因素,OR (95%Ci)分别为1.894 (1.228~2.922)和2.166(1.074~4.370)。结论复治肺结核患者耐药率较高,服药不规律及既往治疗次数增多增加了复治肺结核患者耐药风险。

摘要：中医学是古老的医学体系之一,但临床试验质量的参差不一限制了其被广泛接受。2013年出版的规范临床研究方案内容声明(Standard Protocol items:Recommendations for interventional Trials SPiRiT 2013声明)确立了运作临床试验的规范,从而保证结果准确可靠。由于中医药特殊的理论体系和干预措施特征,中医临床研究直接应用SPiRiT 2013声明存在诸多问题。因此,本文对原始SPiRiT 2013声明进行了中医药扩展。由于中药复方、针刺和灸法是中医药临床实践中最常用且最具代表性的三项干预措施,执行工作组决定SPiRiT-TCM扩展声明应基于此三项干预措施开发。邀请中医药领域的专家,开展三轮Delphi共识调研。执行工作组鼓励所有参与专家提出针对预设条目的意见,并建议新的扩展条目。SPiRiT-TCM扩展声明的条目清单基于共识调研的反馈进行了修改,最终经由一次共识会议定稿了SPiRiT-TCM扩展声明的内容。工作组修订了SPiRiT 2013原始条目中的7项条目,即"题目"、"背景和理念"、"目的"、"合格标准"、"干预措施"、"结局指标"和"数据收集方法"。扩展内容引入了中医学中证候的概念和三项主要的中医药干预措施,同时匹配了实例及说明。SPiRiT-TCM扩展声明为研究者设计高质量的临床试验提供了依据。其原则的广泛传播和应用将有助于持续推进中医药在医疗健康实践的国际化应用。