摘要：Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown *** short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical treatment that is tuned to the *** possible way to realize personalized medicine is 3D *** using materials that can be tuned upon stimulation,4D printing is *** recent years,many studies have been exploring a new field that combines 3D and 4D printing with *** has resulted in many concepts of pharmaceutical devices and formulations that can be printed and,possibly,tailored to an ***,the first 3D printed drug,Spritam®,has already found its way to the *** review gives an overview of various 3D and 4D printing techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems and personalized medicine.

摘要：试验在育肥羔羊日粮中添加绿色蜂胶、棕色蜂胶以及莫能菌素钠,研究其对羔羊的行为和生产性能的影响。试验采用随机区组设计,选取4月龄公羔羊32只,随机分为4个处理组。各处理组的试验日粮设计为:对照组为基础日粮、基础日粮中添加绿色蜂胶、基础日粮中添加棕色蜂胶、基础日粮中添加莫能菌素钠。各处理组中基础日粮为全混合日粮(TMR)精粗比为50:50,粗饲料以苏丹草85(狗牙根属)为主要成分,浓缩料以豆粕、玉米粉和矿物质为主要成分。试验研究表明,日粮中添加绿色蜂胶可以减少反刍并增加休息时间,与对照组相比能提供相同的采食率(g·min-1),DM和Andf摄入量均高于对照组。对照组的体增重最高,但饲养过程中发现棕色蜂胶和莫能菌素钠处理组的饲料转化率和饲料利用效率最高。试验证明,棕色蜂胶可以替代莫能菌素钠作为育肥羔羊日粮添加剂。然而,为达到增加采食量的目的,确定棕色蜂胶最佳添加水平需要进一步研究。

摘要：地点:巴西东南部3个分枝杆菌参比实验室。目的:评估自动化分枝杆菌生长指示管(MGIT)检测结核分枝杆菌药物敏感性的能力。设计:用自动BECTEC MGIT 960(M960)对95份结核分枝杆菌临床分离株进行链霉素(SM),异烟肼(INH)、利福平(RMP)、乙胺丁醇(EMB)的敏感性检测,并与BACTEC 460 (B460)、比例法(PM)、抗性比率法(RRM)的检测结果进行比较,其中88株以BACTEC 460、比例法、抗性比率法中的至少两种方法获得一致结果作为最终结果,并与M960的结果相比较。结果:M960与B460的符合率为95.2%,与PM为96.6%,与RRM为93.4%;其中与RRM在SM上符合率最低,与B460在EMB上符合率最低。M960结果与最终结果的符合率为97.9%, INH与RMP的符合率为99.2%,SM与EMB的符合率分别为96.2%和96.9%,M960报告结果的平均时间为6.9d。结论:与比例法和抗性比率法相比,M960显示出了极大的优势,并且有助于患者的治疗。