摘要：Transition metal phosphides(TMPs) are promising battery-type electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors(HSCs) due to their high electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity. Constructing TMPs with fast kinetics and stable structure is requisite to realize high-performance HSCs but remains a challenge. Herein, we incorporate Mo(or W)into Ni Co P to form Ni-Co-Mo-P(or Ni-Co-W-P) heterostructures with a unique three-dimensional(3 D) open morphology and modified electronic structure. Electrochemical analyses and density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal that the incorporation of Mo/W enables Ni Co P with optimized nanostructure, high conductivity, abundant reaction active sites and enhanced reaction kinetics. As a result, the designed Ni-Co-Mo-P heterostructure delivers a high areal capacity of 4.08 C cm^(-2)(703 C g^(-1)) at 2 m A cm^(-2)and3.25 C cm^(-2) at 30 m A cm^(-2) with a good cycling stability, superior to those of Ni Co P and Ni-Co-W-P counterparts. The practical feasibility of the Ni-Co-Mo-P heterostructure is further demonstrated by an energy conversion and storage system consisting of commercial solar cell and Ni-Co-Mo-P//activated carbon(AC) device, which could obtain a high energy density of 53.3 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 800 W kg^(-1).All-solid-state Ni-Co-Mo-P//AC device further illustrates the superior flexibility and makes a strong candidate for wearable energy storage electronics.

摘要：针对燃料电池/锂电池混合电动无人机电推进系统能源稳定性问题开展了分析。依据无人机直流微网架构确定了电推进系统带恒功率负载的稳定边界条件,并对直流微电网系统进行功率优化控制。根据燃料电池无人机典型飞行任务剖面,采用燃料电池/锂电池并联式混合电源作为电推进系统的供电单元,基于机载电推进恒功率负载的负阻抗特性,开展直流微电网系统小信号和大信号稳定性分析。利用混合势函数法得到电源系统稳定边界条件,通过增加超级电容提高系统大信号稳定域。为了优化控制系统功率响应,设计了基于规则状态机的能量管理策略,推导出系统稳定边界条件与功率优化控制之间的约束关系。搭建数字仿真模型和设计半物理实时仿真验证平台,仿真结果表明:提出的增加虚拟电阻与超级电容的控制方法,具有较好的系统稳定性和功率优化控制效果。