摘要：A novel metal/semiconductor photocatalyst,Cu nanoparticles(NPs)modified TiO2 hollow spheres(Cu/TiO2),was designed for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS)under both ultraviolet(UV)and visible(Vis)*** Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst possesses excellent POWS performance under Vis light at the highest level among the reported TiO2-based ***,the metal/semiconductor junction formed between Cu and TiO2 enables controlled water-oxidation product selectivity(H2O2 or O2)via different reaction pathways regulated by irradiation *** UV light,the electrons excited in TiO2 are captured by Cu NPs through the Cu/TiO2 Schottky interface for H2 production,with the photoholes in TiO2 producing H2O2 through a two-electron process;whilst under Vis light,Cu NPs act as plasmon to inject hot electrons to TiO2 for H2 production,while O2 is produced by hot holes on Cu NPs via a four-electron *** rational design of function-switchable metal/semiconductor junction may be helpful to understand the mechanisms for POWS with desired gas/liquid water-oxidation products.

摘要：小型压水堆稳压器具有非线性、时变和强耦合等特点,很难建立准确的数学模型,传统控制方法难以取得满意的控制效果。因此提出了一种基于自抗扰技术(ADRC)的稳压器多变量解耦控制方法。首先搭建稳压器三区非平衡模型,基于微小摄动理论对模型进行线性化处理,得到压力和水位耦合传递函数方程。然后,基于传递函数设计稳压器ADRC解耦控制器,使用差分进化算法对控制器参数进行多目标优化。最后,以小型堆稳压器为研究对象,利用MATLAB仿真平台将ADRC解耦控制与传统比例-积分-微分(PID)控制进行对比分析。结果表明,所设计的控制器能够有效解决稳压器压力和水位之间的耦合问题,较传统PID控制器具备更好的抗干扰性和鲁棒性,为ADRC方法在稳压器的工程应用提供了理论基础。

摘要：根据动力学原理搭建反应堆堆芯系统集总参数模型,并利用微小摄动理论对该模型进行线性化处理。在此基础上,根据带有回路传输恢复的线性二次型高斯(LQG/LTR)方法设计了堆芯功率控制器。以紧凑型小型堆NuScale堆芯系统为研究对象,将该控制器与传统PID控制器的控制效果进行对比分析。结果表明:利用LQG/LTR方法设计的堆芯功率控制器具有更好的控制指标和抗扰动能力。