摘要：Electrochemical energy conversion technologies involving processes such as water splitting and O_(2)/CO_(2) reduction,provide promising solutions for addressing global energy scarcity and minimizing adverse environmental ***,due to a lack of an in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms and the nature of the active sites,further advancement of these techniques has been limited by the development of efficient and robust ***,in situ characterization of these electrocatalytic processes under working conditions is *** this review,recent applications of in situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy for various nano-and single-atom catalysts in energy-related reactions are *** cases are highlighted,including the capture of oxygen-containing intermediate species formed during the reduction of oxygen and oxidation of hydrogen,and the detection of catalyst structural transformations occurring with the change in potential during the evolution of oxygen and reduction of CO_(2).Finally,the challenges and outlook for advancing in situ spectroscopic technologies to gain a deeper fundamental understanding of these energy-related electrocatalytic processes are discussed.

摘要：Noble metal-reducible oxide interfaces have been regarded as one of the most active sites for water-gas shift ***,the molecular reaction mechanism of water-gas shift reaction at these interfaces still remains ***,water-gas shift reaction at Pt-NiO interfaces has been in-situ explored using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by construction of Au@Pt@NiO *** Raman spectroscopic evidence demonstrates that water-gas shift reaction at Pt-NiO interfaces proceeds via an associative mechanism with the carbonate species as a key *** carbonate species is generated through the reaction of adsorbed CO with gaseous water,and its decomposition is a slow step in water-gas shift ***,the Pt-NiO interfaces would promote the formation of this carbonate intermediate,thus leading to a higher activity compared with pure *** spectral information deepens the fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism of water-gas shift reaction,which would promote the design of more efficient catalysts.

摘要：过渡过程动态特性和调压室建设成本是调压室体型设计中需要关注的两个主要方面。如何选取调压室体型参数使两者均达到最优对水电站建设和运行具有重要意义。针对这一问题,基于第三代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)和优劣解距离评价方法(TOPSIS),提出了一种兼顾大小波动调节特性和工程投资最优的调压室体型优化策略。首先,基于特征线法,建立水力发电系统精细化模型。其次,以调压室断面直径、阻抗孔直径和安装位置为决策变量,分别建立以大波动动态特性(机组最大水头+机组转速最大上升率)与调压室体积为目标的大波动优化模型和以转速超调量与ITAE为目标的小波动优化模型,并引入NSGA-Ⅲ算法,得到调压室在两种优化模型下的Pareto解集。最后,基于TOPSIS评价方法,以上述4个优化目标为决策层,对Pareto解集进一步评价,得到兼顾大小波动调节特性和经济性最优的调压室体型。结果表明,与得分最低的方案相比,最优方案在牺牲较小调压室经济性的前提下,能够有效改善大小波动综合调节特性,实现平衡调压室建设成本和大小波动综合调节特性的目标。研究结果对水电站调压室结构设计具有重要指导意义。

摘要：随着信息技术的迅速发展,芯片架构的不断演进已成为推动产业进步的重要因素。新的芯片架构能够支持更高效的数据处理和分析,为人工智能、机器学习和大数据等新技术的应用提供技术基础。同时,针对芯片的政策和法规对产业演进也有直接影响。未来,芯片架构会更加多样化和复杂化,为产业的持续创新和发展提供新的机会。本文深入分析芯片架构演进对产业发展的影响,制定有效的技术发展路径和产业政策,为政策制定者和企业决策者提供有益参考。

摘要：Despite being a promising photoanode material for water splitting,WO_(3) has low conductivity,high onset potential,and sluggish water oxidation *** this study,we designed Ti-doped WO_(3) nanoplate arrays on fluoride-doped tin oxide by a seed-free hydrothermal method,and the effects of doping on the photoelectrochemical performance were *** optimal Ti-doped WO_(3) electrode achieved a photocurrent density of 0.53 mA/cm^(2) at 0.6 V(vs Ag/AgCl),110%higher than that of pure WO_(3) nanoplate ***,a significant cathodic shift in the onset potential was observed after doping.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy valence band and ultraviolet–visible spectra revealed that the band positions of Ti-doped WO_(3) photoanodes moved upward,yielding a lower onset ***,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that the conductivities of the WO_(3) photoanodes improved after doping,because of the rapid separation of photo-generated charge ***,we report a new design route toward efficient and low-cost photoanodes for photoelectrochemical applications.

摘要：从非开挖水平定向钻进(Horizontal directional drilling,HDD)装备技术、地下生命线工程的探测与信息化、双向对穿HDD技术、大口径HDD技术、HDD回拖力计算模型、地表变形与冒浆6个方面开展了文献调研工作,分析了HDD装备与技术研究应用进展:世界上最大回拖力(20000 kN)的电驱动钻机被设计并研发;电磁感应法被广泛用于既有生命线的空间探测,复杂干扰下的数据解析与精度提高仍是研究重点;基于三维数据,融合建筑信息模型、人工智能、大数据等技术,借鉴美国“811”体系,局部完成了地下生命线的信息化;采用对穿技术完成了长距离的地下生命线敷设;基于过程化的HDD工艺参数、设备参数和控制监测技术被大量应用,有效提升了应用中的风险识别能力;针对不同地层条件下的回拖力计算为设备选型提供了依据,并为HDD多学科融合研究提供了途径;复杂地质条件下的冒浆、卡钻等热点和难点也得到初步探索研究,构建了理论、实验和数值分析模式,为提高HDD的应用效率和质量提供了依据.综合国内外研究进展,进一步分析了HDD的发展趋势.

摘要：笈多王朝是印度佛教美术的兴盛时期,笈多风格的佛教造像将内省深层的精神与单纯高贵的肉体结合,是印度古典主义艺术的杰出代表。但这种注入静谧冥想精神的转变也客观影响了其乐舞形象的塑造。本文从图像学视角,以印度笈多时代、后笈多时代的阿旃陀石窟的雕像、壁画等文物的图像资料结合相关历史的文本资料,对笈多风格佛教乐舞图像的雕塑、壁画的类别、构图、母题、艺术风格进行论述与文化阐释,为佛教乐舞领域的研究做出相应努力。

摘要：结构BIM正向设计的推广受限于本土BIM软件生态的不成熟和新技术换挡期的设计效率损失。在此结合工程设计实例,基于现有的BIM软件生态提出了一套结构BIM正向设计方法,总结了应用过程中的一些技术要点并给出建议,探讨了结构BIM正向设计方式与传统设计方式的转变,指出以设计为主导的EPC模式是目前结构正向设计的最佳载体。

摘要：为了提升安全风险监控的准确性和全面性,设计了基于人工智能的电网调控运行安全风险在线监控系统。对配电线路监测终端内置网络状态监测模块,传输的异常数据信息,实行故障逻辑判断,并利用反向隔离装置,将故障判断结果传送给配电自动化通信前端,经正向隔离装置输送至监测装置外网组件,实现电网调控运行安全风险的监测和控制。实验结果显示:该系统的监控平均绝对百分误差均低于5%,监控准确性较高,可监控到全部异常节点的异常情况,具有全面、稳定的特征,且监控的空间复杂度和时间复杂度较低。

摘要：以汽车左侧前保险杠为研究对象,针对在成型过程中出现的翘曲变形和体积收缩等缺陷,选取熔体温度、模具温度、注射时间、保压压力、保压时间为因素,设计正交试验,使用Moldflow软件对其进行注塑模拟分析,得到翘曲变形与顶出时的体积收缩率。采用熵权法对两个指标的权重系数进行计算,将翘曲变形与顶出时的体积收缩率转化为综合评分值进行单目标优化。优化后,最佳工艺参数组合为A1B1C2D4E4。在最佳工艺参数组合下Z方向翘曲变形为3.286 mm,顶出时的体积收缩率为10.36%。与默认工艺参数相比,Z方向翘曲变形改善了4.7%,顶出时的体积收缩率改善了15.9%。将最优工艺组合进行实际试模验证,采用熵权法对工艺参数优化能够满足降低翘曲变形和改善体积收缩的要求。