摘要：Organ-on-a-chip systems have been increasingly recognized as attractive platforms to assess toxicity and to develop new therapeutic ***,current organ-on-a-chip platforms are limited by a“single pot”design,which inevitably requires holistic analysis and limits parallel ***,we developed a digital organ-on-a-chip by combining a microwell array with cellular microspheres,which significantly increased the parallelism over traditional organ-on-a-chip for drug *** to 127 uniform liver cancer microspheres in this digital organ-on-a-chip format served as individual analytical units,allowing for analysis with high consistency and quick *** platform displayed evident anti-cancer efficacy at a concentration of 10μM for sorafenib,and had greater alignment than the“single pot”organ-on-a-chip with a previous in vivo *** addition,this digital organ-on-a-chip demonstrated the treatment efficacy of natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles for liver cancer at 50μg/*** successful development of this digital organ-on-a-chip platform provides high-parallelism and a low-variability analytical tool for toxicity assessment and the exploration of new anticancer modalities,thereby accelerating the joint endeavor to combat cancer.

摘要：Efficient tandem reactions on a single catalytic nanostructure would be beneficial to improving chemical transformation efficiency and reducing safety implications. It is imperative to identify the active sites for each single step reaction so that the entire reaction process can be optimized by designing and integrating the sites. Herein, hydrogen transfer reaction is taken as a proof-of-concept demonstration to show that the spatial integration of active sites is important to the catalytic efficiency of the entire process in tandem reactions. We identified specific active sites (i.e., various sites at faces versus corners and edges) for formic acid decomposition and alkene/nitrobenzene hydrogenation-the two steps in hydrogen transfer reactions, by employing three different shapes of Pd nanocrystals in tunable sizes. The investigation reveals that the decomposition of formic acid occurs preferentially at the edge sites of cubic nanocrystal and the plane sites of octahedral/ tetrahedral nanocrystals, while the hydrogenation takes place mainly at the edge sites of both cubic and octahedral/ tetrahedral nanocrystals. The consistency of active edge sites during different step reactions enables cubic nanocrystals to exhibit a higher activity than octahedral nanocrystals in hydrogen transfer reactions, although octahedrons offer comparable activities to cubes in formic acid decomposition and hydrogenation reactions. Guided by these findings, we further improved the overall performance of tandem catalysis by specifically promoting the limiting step through nanocatalyst design. This work provides insights into the rational design of heterogeneous nanocatalysts in tandem reactions.

摘要：儿童具有生长和发育两个特点，其个体发育包括药物代谢酶、转运蛋白、受体和器官的发育。儿童的生长和发育使得药物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄及药物在儿童的不同发育阶段对发育中器官的药效都存在着与成人显著不同的差异。

摘要：为了拓展图形学弹性体模拟中的各向异性超弹性虚拟材料种类,建立了基于虚拟纤维的本构模型.首先从能量可加性出发,将超弹性体应变能量密度函数分解为轴向、剪切、体积分量的纤维加和形式,然后建立单根纤维的轴向应变、剪切应变、体积应变的应变度量,最后推导出各分量的应力表示.仿真实验使用基于四面体的非线性有限元法(finite element method,FEM),半隐式时间积分进行解算,并采用CPU串行算法,测试了不同场景下非线性能量函数以及纤维权重组合对虚拟纤维材料刚度、泊松效应、轴向特性的影响.结果表明,虚拟纤维本构模型具有大变形稳定性,材料参数设置可良好地展现上述物理特性,相比现有的横观各向同性模型具有更丰富的可调节能力.

摘要：中国悠久的历史发展进程造就了丰富多样的传统文化,优秀传统文化具有较强的育人作用,因此社会各界应重视弘扬和传承优秀传统文化。近年来随着传承与弘扬中华优秀传统文化精神的渗透,各大高校充分发挥自身育人作用,结合传统文化精神,培养文化自信,重视高校博物馆的建设,通过博物馆中大量的藏品和文化元素进一步强化高校教育人、培养人和塑造人的功能。苏州健雄古陶瓷艺术馆在传承中华优秀传统文化过程中发挥载体作用,增强学校的育人价值。文章以苏州健雄古陶瓷艺术馆为例分析了大学博物馆在传承传统文化中发挥的载体作用,探索了进一步强化博物馆育人作用的实践策略。

摘要：为消除参数不确定和外部不确定扰动对四轮转向车辆操纵稳定性的影响,提出了一种基于卡尔曼扩张状态观测器的四轮主动转向非线性积分滑模控制(KFESO-ISMC)方法。首先设计了一种卡尔曼扩张状态观测器(KFESO),实现了车辆状态观测以及外部扰动估计,克服了传统卡尔曼滤波算法对模型参数精度的依赖的缺点。其次为降低外部扰动引起的车辆状态的跟踪误差,将KFESO观测的系统总扰动补偿到控制输入;并为实现全局鲁棒控制和抑制积分饱和现象,设计了四轮主动转向非线性积分滑模控制方法。最后,硬件在环试验结果表明:在存在内外部不确定扰动情况下,KFESO观测器具有较高的观测精度;在四轮主动转向操纵稳定性的控制方面,KFESOISMC方法相比LQR和ISMC方法具优良的抗扰性能。

摘要：The diffusion-multiple method was used to determine the composition of Ti−6Al−4V−xMo−yZr alloy(0.45<x<12,0.5<y<14,wt.%),which can obtain an ultrafine α *** show that Ti−6Al−4V−5Mo−7Zr alloy can obtain an ultrafineαphase by using the α″phase assisted *** bimodal microstructure obtained with the heat-treatment process can confer the alloy with a good balance between the strength and *** deformation mechanism is the dislocation slip and the{1101}twinning in the primary α *** strengthening mechanism is α/β interface *** interface of(0001)α/(110)β has a platform−step structure,whereas(1120)α/(111)βinterface is flat with no steps.

摘要：随着大语言模型的迅速发展,大语言模型的安全性逐渐引起了研究者和公众的密切关注.为了防止大语言模型在与人类协作中对人类产生伤害,如何确保大语言模型在日常场景中的判断能与人类道德观念相符成为了一个重要问题.其中一个关键的挑战是,如何确保大语言模型在道德判断方面,能够像人类那样,针对不同的情境,灵活地调整或重新考虑预定的规则,从而使其判断与人类的道德观念保持一致.受心理学和认知科学中关于人类道德判断的情感和认知影响因素研究的启发,结合大语言模型在认知推理和情感分析能力上的优势,设计了一种模仿人类道德判断过程中情感判断和认知判断能力交互的方法,从而提升了大语言模型的道德判断表现.实验结果证明了所提方法在该任务上的有效性.总的来说,不仅为大语言模型的道德判断提供了一种创新的方法,也强调了心理学与认知科学理论在此领域的重要性,为未来的进一步研究奠定基础.

摘要：生成式人工智能特殊的技术原理、特征与功能,使它为教育的系统性与颠覆性变革创造可能性。不同国家与组织因为文化背景、技术水平、教育需求、话语体系、社会条件等方面的差异,导致对待生成式人工智能教育应用的问题在某种程度上表现出不同的态度和举措。但总体上,仍有一些共性之处:应用谨慎、决策自主、态度乐观与指导细致。展望未来,生成式人工智能的教育应用,应在国家层面加强顶层设计,构建生成式人工智能教育应用的规范化体系;优先制定法规和指导方针,确保生成式人工智能技术开发的透明度和安全性;各利益相关者协作努力,最大限度地发挥生成式人工智能教育应用的潜力;加强人工智能素养与伦理教育,以应对快速发展的人工智能环境。

摘要：文章旨在建立一套全新的事后计数调查样本规模测算和分配体系,以解决一些国家的政府统计部门未严格按照抽样理论测算和分配事后计数调查样本规模的问题.为实现目标,采用数理模型和参数估计方法计算2020年抽样方案(Q)的设计效应和2030年简单抽样方案(S)的样本规模,将两者相乘得到2030年抽样方案(Q)的样本规模.理论和实证结果表明:2020年抽样方案(Q)的设计效应为0.91,优于简单抽样方案(S);简单抽样方案(S)的单系统估计量无须在同质人口层建立,而抽样方案(Q)的组合式三系统估计量须在同质人口层构造;分层刀切法适合于近似计算组合式三系统估计量的抽样方差;比例分配法比最优分配法更适合于事后计数调查样本规模分配.创新之处在于,提出基于组合式三系统估计量和单系统估计量的抽样方差估计量的设计效应估计量,解释了用设计效应间接测算样本规模的数学逻辑.该成果有望作为国家统计局制定2030年事后计数调查样本规模测算与分配方案的重要参考,或被其采纳应用.