摘要：In photoelectrochemical （PEC） water splitting, charge separation and collection by the electric field in the photoactive material are the most important factors for improved conversion efficiency. Hence, ferroelectric oxides, in which electrons are the majority carriers, are considered promising photoanode materials because their high built-in potential, provided by their spontaneous polarization, can signifi＇canfly enhance the separation and drift of photogenerated carriers. In this regard, the PEC properties of BiFeO3 thin-film photoanodes with different crystallographic orientations and consequent ferroelectric domain structures are investigated. As the crystallographic orientation changes from （001）pc via （ll0）pc to （lll）p~, the ferroelastic domains in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films become mono-variant and the spontaneous polarization levels increase to 110 btC/cm2. Consequent136 the photocurrent density at 0 V vs. Ag/AgC1 increases approximately 5.3-fold and the onset potential decreases by 0.180 V in the downward polarization state. It is further demonstrated that ferroelectric switching in the （lll）pc BiFeO3 thin-film photoanode leads to an approximate change of 8,000% in the photocurrent density and a 0.330 V shift in the onset potential. This study strongly suggests that domain-engineered ferroelectric materials can be used as effective charge separation and collection layers for efficient solar water-splitting photoanodes.

摘要：围绕钻渣废弃土含水率高、塑性指数大、施工性能差3个问题,设计了生石灰+石灰岩石粉的预处理方案,通过一系列室内试验,从脱水效率、界限含水率变化幅度、预处理后土颗粒形态和破碎难易度4个方面选择出最优配合比。之后使用矿渣-纳米复合土壤固化剂(WSS)对预处理土进行固化,以无侧限抗压强度(q_(u))、水稳定性(γ_(w))、加州承载比(CBR)和抗压回弹模量(E_(c))为指标评价固化效果,同时对预处理的辅助固化作用进行分析。除此之外,本试验还探究了最大粒径等级(D_(max))对固化土强度、破碎形态和水稳系数的影响。结果表明:本预处理方法能有效降低废弃土含水率并提高脱水速率,显著改善土体的界限含水率与颗粒形态,增进与粉末状固化剂的拌和效果。钻渣废弃土经“3%生石灰+3%石灰岩石粉+3%WSS”处理后,28 d龄期无侧限抗压强度(q_(u))为2.13 MPa,高于传统水泥固化方案和不进行预处理的固化方案。经分析得出,预处理剂可以絮凝-硬化黏土颗粒并疏松土体结构,还可以让土体呈碱性以增强WSS与水泥的固化效果。此外,试验证明了随着Dmax的减小,生石灰-石灰岩石粉-WSS固化土的强度和水稳定性逐步提高,破坏形式从脆性剪切破坏转变为塑性压缩破坏。