摘要：Critical bone defects are considered one of the major clinical challenges in reconstructive bone *** combination of 3D printed conductive scaffolds and exogenous electrical stimulation(eS)is a potential favorable approach for bone tissue *** this study,3D conductive scaffolds made with biocompatible and biodegradable polycaprolactone(pCL)and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)were produced using the extrusion-based additive manufacturing to treat large calvary bone defects in *** results show that the use of pCL/MWCNTs scaffolds and eS contributes to thicker and increased bone tissue formation within the bone *** and mineralization are also significantly promoted using high concentration of MWCNTs(3 wt%)and ***,scaffolds favor the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAp)positive cell formation,while the addition of MWCNTs seems to inhibit the osteoclastogenesis but p.esent limited effects on the osteoclast functionalities(receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OpG)exp.essions).The use of eS promotes the osteoclastogenesis and RANKL exp.essions,showing a dominant effect in the bone remodeling *** results indicate that the combination of 3D printed conductive pCL/MWCNTs scaffold and eS is a promising strategy to treat critical bone defects and provide a cue to establish an optimal protocol to use conductive scaffolds and eS for bone tissue engineering.