摘要：目的:分析自1991年来,在布里斯托尔及全英国, 小儿心脏直视手术死亡率的变化趋势。设计:回顾性分析医院病例统计数据。机构:所有开展小儿心脏直视手术的英国医院。试验对象:收集1991年4月至2002年3 月间,接受心脏直视手术、年龄小于16岁的患者。对3 个时间段的死亡率进行研究:阶段3(1991年4月至1995年3月),阶段5(1996年4月至1999年3月)。

摘要：The zebra mussel is an imp.rtant aquatic p.st that causes great damage to freshwater-dep.ndent industries, due to biofouling. The main goal of the p.oject discussed here is to develop.imp.oved solutions to control this sp.cies. Three ap.roaches have been exp.ored in an attemp. to design innovative ap.lication strategies for existing biocides： （i） encap.ulation of toxins; （ii） combination of toxins; （iii） investigation of the seasonal variation of the sp.cies＇ tolerance to toxins. In this p.p.r, the p.incip.es behind these ap.roaches and the major results on each top.c are p.esented. The benefits of adop.ing a chemical p.oduct engineering ap.roach in conducting this p.oject are also discussed.