摘要：Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys have been among the most commonly used materials for biomedical applications since the 1950 *** to the excellent mechanical tribological properties,corrosion resistance,biocompatibility,and antibacterial properties of titanium,it is getting much attention as a biomaterial for ***,titanium promotes osseointegration without any additional adhesives by physically bonding with the living bone at the implant *** properties are crucial for producing high-strength metallic alloys for biomedical *** alloys are manufactured into the three types ofα,β,andα+β.The scientific and clinical understanding of titanium and its potential applications,especially in the biomedical field,are still in the early *** review aims to establish a credible platform for the current and future roles of titanium in *** first explore the developmental history of ***,we review the recent advancement of the utility of titanium in diverse biomedical areas,its functional properties,mechanisms of biocompatibility,host tissue responses,and various relevant antimicrobial *** research will be directed toward advanced manufacturing technologies,such as powder-based additive manufacturing,electron beam melting and laser melting deposition,as well as analyzing the effects of alloying elements on the biocompatibility,corrosion resistance,and mechanical properties of ***,the role of titania nanotubes in regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications,such as localized drug delivery system,immunomodulatory agents,antibacterial agents,and hemocompatibility,is investigated,and the paper concludes with the future outlook of titanium alloys as biomaterials.

摘要：As a bone scaffold,meeting all basic requirements besides dealing with other bone-related issues-bone cancer and accelerated regeneration-is not expected from traditional scaffolds,but a newer class of scaffolds called *** a clinical point of view,being a multifunctional scaffold means reducing in healing time,direct costs-medicine,surgery,and hospitalization-and indirect costs-loss of mobility,losing job,and *** main aim of the present review is following the multifunctional bone scaffolds trend to deal with both bone regeneration and cancer *** consideration is given to different fabrication techniques which have been applied to yield these materials spanning from traditional to modern ***,the hierarchical structure of bone plus bone cancers and available medicines to them are introduced to familiarize the potential reader of review with the pluri-disciplinary essence of the ***,a brief discussion relating to the future trend of these materials is provided.