摘要：ENSO is an interannual mode which may be affected by external forcing, such as volcanic eruptions. Based on the reconstructed volcanic eruptions chronology and ENSO sequences, both 195 large volcanic eruptions (VEI≥4) and 398 ENSO (El Niño and La Niña) events were extracted from 1525 to 2000. An analysis of the correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events was performed by matching the large volcanic eruptions with the types and magnitudes of ENSO events present in the 0-2 years after the eruptions. The results show the following: (1) The percentages of ENSO events within the 3 years after the large eruptions had increased to 68.3% from 31.7% compared with those with no-eruptions in the previous 0-2 years. In addition, the ratio of El Niño to La Niña events turned from 2:3 to 1:1, and more El Niño events occurred in the 0 year after eruptions in the low-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and in the tropics but more La Niña events occurred in the 0 year after in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. (2) After the eruptions, the weak (W) El Niño events had increased by 8 percentage points and the very strong (VS) El Niño events had decreased by 10 percentage points; conversely, there was a decrease by 15 percentage points of the weak La Niña events and an increase by 11.4 percentage points of the very strong La Niña events. Specifically, the percentages of strong La Niña events increased to a peak at 1 (+1) year after the eruptions. (3) The percentage of eruptions followed by single-year ENSO was the greatest. The percentage of ENSO events that occurred in the consecutive 2 years following an eruption was approximately equal to the percentage of events that occurred consecutively 3 years following an eruption, and both sets of ENSO magnitudes showed a decreasing trend.

摘要：The occurrence of bumper or poor grain harvests in ancient China plays an important role in explaining how past climate changes affected the *** of the lack of long-term continuous and high-resolution quantitative data for reconstructing the series of grain harvests in ancient China,understanding of the impacts and mechanisms involved in climate change is *** study presents a method designed for reconstructing grain harvest series by quantifying grain output levels based on the descriptions in historical *** method involves setting the grain output level for each year based on very specific meanings of different words,calculating a yield index based on the structure of each level and assessing grain yields(bumper or poor harvests)every 10 ***,1636 records related to grain yields(including crop yields,food security,agricultural disasters,grain prices,grain storage and people's livelihoods)for each year were retrieved from history books called the Twenty-Four ***,using this method,a 10-year resolution graded grain harvest series from the Western Han Dynasty to the Five Dynasties(206 BC–960 AD)is ***,the relationship between the variations in temperature and precipitation and the fluctuation of grain yields is *** results show that from the Western Han Dynasty to the Five Dynasties,bumper,average and poor harvest decades accounted for 33.3%,39.3%and 27.4%of the 1,166-year period,*** grain yields during 206 BC–960 AD can be divided into three stages:a period of bumper harvests during 206–51 BC,poor harvests during 50 BC–590 AD and bumper harvests during 591–960 *** harvest decades typically experienced a warm climate with normal or high levels of precipitation,while poor harvest decades had a cold and dry climate.A positive correlation was found between temperature and grain yield because a warm climate allows a full use of *** observed relationship between precip

摘要：湘西少数民族传统村落作为重要的“民族文化符号”,拥有特殊的历史、文化和社会价值。随着我国城镇化进程,少数民族传统村落出现“空心化”“老年化”“特色逐渐丧失”及“衰败”等现象,少数民族村寨人口流失、资源短缺、渠道不畅通、产业难以转型升级、乡村社区治理困难等问题,从乡土公共空间的研究入手,对少数民族传统村落的生态、生产、生活等进行分析调研,挖掘有价值的乡土公共空间的精神和语言,落实在少数民族传统村落的保护与发展、现代转化、风貌管控、制度与机制等空间创新设计,并以此落实湘西少数民族聚居区的乡村振兴战略。本文以湖南省张家界马头溪榨油坊的村民活动中心方案设计为例,寻求科学方法解决乡村公共空间创新设计问题。

摘要：采用气象资料和经济统计资料,以北京市为例,分析了城镇住宅空调致冷耗能的影响因素。结果显示:在一定建筑设计标准下,直接影响城镇住宅空调致冷耗能的因子主要有降温强度、城镇人口数、人均住宅建筑面积和城镇家庭空调器拥有比例。总的来说,由于目前中国城市化进程的加速,城镇人口、人均住宅建筑面积、城镇空调器拥有比例在不断增加,因此,无论气候变暖或变冷,各地空调致冷耗能不可避免地在增加。在上述因子中,气候是目前为止唯一可能起到降低能耗作用的因子。对于城市化较快的北京市,由于城镇家庭空调器拥有比例的快速增长,城镇家庭空调器拥有比例这一因子对空调致冷耗能增量的贡献率普遍最大。

摘要：本文基于火积理论研究了热管中的热传输效率的优化问题。本文首先对比了传统熵理论和火积理论在分析传热效率方面的应用,然后详细介绍了火积理论,包括其物理意义和作为工程优化函数的应用。通过COMSOL仿真实验,本文展示了火积理论在热管设计优化中的实际应用,验证了理论的正确性,并对比了温差和火积耗散率与热管外径、芯层厚度等多个参数的关系,为热管等传热模型研究及生产设计优化提供了新视角。