摘要：Recently, engineered minichromosomes have been produced using a telomere-mediated truncation technique in some plants. However, the study on transferring genes to minichromosomes is very ***, telomere-mediated truncation was successfully performed in common wheat（Triticum aestivum）to generate stable truncated chromosomes accompanied by a relatively high frequency of chromosomal rearrangements. After the cross between transgenic parents, a promoter-less DsRed gene in a chromosome from one parent was transferred to another chromosome from the other parent at the site behind a maize ubiquitin promoter via the Cre/lox system. DsRed transcripts and red fluorescent proteins were detected in the recombinant plants. In one such seedling, transgenic signals were detected at the centric terminus of chromosome 4D and the distal terminus of chromosome 3A. Clear translocations could be detected at the transgenic loci of these two chromosomes. Intriguingly, signals of centric-specific sequences were co-localized with the translocated D-group chromosomal segment in the terminal region of chromosome 3A. Our results indicate that the Cre/lox system induces the gene swapping to the target chromosome and non-homologous chromosomal recombination simultaneously. These approaches could offer a platform to transfer large DNA fragments or even terminal chromosomal segments to other chromosomes of the natural genome.

摘要：作物驯化是将野生植物驯化繁殖为栽培作物,本质是通过人工选择有目的地保留基因组的遗传变异信息.驯化在人类农耕文明的起源和演变过程中发挥了重要作用,推动了人类文明的持续发展和社会的快速进步,其中多倍化是作物驯化和改良的重要方向.相较于二倍体祖先物种而言,多倍体作物往往具有明显的表型优势,生物量与经济产量会相对较高,具有更强的抗性和更广的环境适应性.小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、棉花(Gossypium spp.)、甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)和马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)等重要农作物经历了漫长的进化历程,是多倍化和驯化的综合产物.多倍体作物的进化、驯化历程以及重要农艺性状形成的分子机制一直是作物遗传育种领域关注的重大科学问题,对作物的分子设计育种和农业可持续发展具有重要意义.