摘要：The increasing gross weight of electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) poses a challenge in practical applications. The range and endurance of the electric UAV are limited by the fixed mass of the battery package. In this work, a design optimization method for the battery package topology of small electric UAV is proposed to enhance the performance. To improve the accuracy of the method, the dynamic battery model and simplified electric component models are *** models are utilized by the trajectory optimization method, which takes the dynamic characteristic into consideration to calculate the aircraft performance. The direct optimal control method is used for solving the trajectory optimization problem, and this method is tested on a small blended-wing-body electric aircraft. The test result shows that the range and energy-consumption are mainly influenced by the parallel topology of the battery package, while the flight time in climb phase is more sensitive to the series topology. It is deduced that the range-and energy-optimal design points can be considered concurrently in design optimization. The work proves the feasibility of integrating the trajectory optimization and battery package design.

摘要：幕尼黑-里姆（Riem）教堂中心由两个教堂组成：圣弗洛里安（***）教堂（天主教派）和圣索菲娅（***）教堂（路德教派）。通常每个教堂都至少拥有一座钟楼，而这两个教堂则合用一个。两座教堂的建筑风格也很统一，但内部装饰为了与其各自的信仰相一致，而呈现出了不同的氛围：圣弗洛里安天主教教堂沐浴在漫射光中，装修风格较为保守；圣索菲娅路德教教堂则充满了从上方倾泻而下的直射阳光。两种设计虽然方式不同，却都让人心悦臣服。

摘要：国内多数的读者可能对澳大利亚悉尼Pirrama公园并不熟悉。该公园除了记载历史,另一亮点便是"亲民":恢复了从街区到海边的步径系统,还为居民提供了各种各样的水岸空间体验;其次"有意无意的混凝土再利用"竟成为该公园的特色,让一个工业旧址里的废弃混凝土重获新生;当然设计中的众多可持续性要素,包括太阳能的利用和长期性的暴雨排水措施等,也是其能获一个又一个大奖的重要因素之一。

摘要：背景:人工骨材料在大块骨缺损中常常无法发挥成骨作用,研究表明如果存在血供不足,骨缺损难以愈合。目的:了解血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)质粒转染细胞对珊瑚人工骨材料成骨作用的影响。设计、时间及地点:随机对照动物实验,于2004-08/2007-06在德国海德堡大学附属骨科医院实验室完成。材料:应用6～9月龄雌性新西兰白兔24只制备桡骨骨缺损模型,并随机分为4组;自兔的骨髓分离培养骨髓基质干细胞,传代培养扩增;通过EndoFree Plasmid Giga试剂盒扩增pVEGF165和pCR3.1的质粒。方法:将pVEGF165或pCR3.1质粒转染骨髓基质干细胞,将含有VEGF基因的质粒和VEGF基因重组的骨髓基质干细胞分别载入珊瑚人工骨材料,然后植入2组模型兔桡骨干中段15mm的骨缺损内,另外2组植入载空白质粒或空白质粒转染的骨髓基质干细胞的珊瑚人工骨材料。主要观察指标:实验动物桡骨骨缺损内人工骨材料吸收速度,血管数目以及新形成的骨量。结果:VEGF重组的骨髓基质干细胞分泌足量VEGF超过1周;血管计数发现VEGF质粒和骨髓基质干细胞能促进血管生成,但体外转染VEGF的细胞疗效更显著;VEGF质粒或其转染的骨髓基质干细胞对珊瑚人工骨材料的吸收具有促进作用。结论:VEGF基因重组的细胞能够持续表达高于正常水平的VEGF,并且能够在一定程度上促进人工骨材料的吸收。

摘要：在开发的早期阶段,对机械和电气设计部门进行合理的协调,一方面可以提高产品的质量,另一方面可以减少开发的时间.介绍一种方法,利用它可以改善生产系统方案中相关专业领域之间的交流.所提出的进程方式通常由一个软件工具支持,从而能使进程中生成的信息进行数字储存和处理.

摘要：本文介绍了20世纪60年代美国、70年代欧洲的公共艺术重要起源,一直到明斯特雕塑项目等展览活动,包括笔者策划的艺术项目“埃姆舍尔艺术三年展”与公共艺术展“在场”。此外,文章还通过介绍艺术与建筑、城市规划、景观设计等相关学科的交织合作,展现德国公共艺术的主题和重要理念。

摘要：本文以数幅描绘乾隆皇帝(1711—1799,在位于1735—1796)的中国主题挂毯为题。这些挂毯保存良好、尺寸巨大,由法国国王路易十五(King Louis XV,1710—1774,在位于1715—1774)赞助、弗朗索瓦·布歇(François Boucher,1703—1770)设计图案、博韦(Beauvais)工坊在1758年至1760年间编制,并于1766年献给乾隆皇帝。挂毯上的法国洛可可风格风俗景观描绘了想象中的乾隆皇帝宫廷内的游乐情景。这些挂毯备受珍视,在文化交流上影响深远。“中国皇帝征战”组图为乾隆下令制作,由耶稣会画家们在北京宫廷绘制,于1769年至1774年间在巴黎印刷。这批版画受到法国国王路易十四(King Louis XIV,1638—1715,在位于1643—1715)《国王的历史》(Histoire du Roi)的影响,将乾隆描绘为战争英雄及18世纪中期中国的天子。本文将这组挂毯与另一组同时期的历史版画做对比分析,认为这些挂毯与版画的创作年份与当时风靡法国的艺术品“中国热”,以及中国宫廷对法国设计文化产生兴趣的时代同期。尽管它们闻名遐迩,却鲜有学者对两者进行深入对比研究。这种对想象中的乾隆皇帝宫廷的描绘,是较为罕见的研究主题,它展现出中法君主彼此膜拜下两国的宫廷文化,以及18世纪启蒙时期,由于得到两位君主大力支持而增强的两国文化交流。

摘要：In the aftermath of the First World War, various compositions emerged that explored the phenomenon of the modem city by translating the clamorous sounds of urban environments and reflecting them artistically in the medium of music. With the rendering of poetic and esoteric moods unrelated to practical life considered outdated, musical preoccupation with modem architecture mostly concemed social aspects, such as people＇s circumstances, their emotional rootedness to bygone conditions and the search for orientation in an environment characterized by technology. There is a parallel here with contemporary architectural debates in which tension between modernism and traditionalism also played a key role.

摘要：Within previous EU projects, possible modifications to the engine components have been investigated, that would allow for an optimised aerodynamic or acoustic design of the EGV （exit guide vanes） of the TEC （turbine exit casing）. However, the engine weight should not be increased and the aerodynamic performance must be at least the same. This paper compares the sound power level of a state-of-the-art TEC （reference TEC） with typical EGVs with an aerodynamically optimised TEC configuration for the engine operating point approach. It is shown that a significant weight reduction （only bladings considered） and reduction in engine length can be achieved but the sound power level for the fundamental tone （lst blade passing frequency） for this acoustically important operating point is increased. It is also shown that the losses of the aerodynamical optimised EGVs are higher for this off design point but significantly lower at the aero design point. Measurements were conducted in the STTF （subsonic test turbine facility） at the Institute for Thermal Turbo machinery and Machine Dynamics, Graz University of Technology. The inlet guide vanes, the LPT （low pressure turbine） stage, and the EGVs have been designed by MTU Aero Engines.

摘要：2011年,在台湾花莲举行了Masadi艺术节开幕式。当局表示,低碳环保是未来的趋势。由nARCHITECTS设计的森林馆是一个低碳、环保的表演空间,为艺术节中聚会、表演等用。在森林日益受到威胁的今天,森林馆采用了新鲜的竹子作为其建筑材料,这是这座建筑的一大亮点。