摘要：Micro-alloying design of wrought magnesium(Mg) alloys is an important strategy to achieve high mechanical properties at a low cost. In the last two decades, significant progress has been made from both theory and experiment. In the present review, we try to summarize recent advances in micro-alloying design of wrought Mg alloys from both theoretical and pragmatic perspectives, and provide fundamental data required for establishing the relationship between chemical composition and mechanical properties of Mg alloys. We start with theoretical attempts for understanding the mechanical properties of Mg alloys at different scales, by involving first principle calculations,molecular dynamics, cellular automata, and crystal plasticity. Then, the role of alloying elements is discussed for a series of promising Mg alloys such as Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-RE(rare-earth element), Mg-Sn, and Mg-Ca *** challenges in the micro-alloying design of Mg alloys are highlighted at the end. The review is expected to provide helpful guidance for the intelligent design of novel wrought Mg alloys and inspire more innovative ideas in this field.

摘要：Three types of laminates were designed by alternately stacking AZ91 extruded sheets in different states for extrusion to improve the mechanical *** tensile tests revealed that the combination of solid-solution-treated sheets with the aging-treated sheets achieved high tensile strength and ductility,i.e.,ultimate tensile strength of~386 MPa and elongation of~19.8%,*** backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and TEM results indicated that the aging-treated layers with more nano-sized precipitates and small grain size provided high strength and reasonable ductility,while the solid-solution-treated layers with low dislocation density facilitated strain ***,the strong interface bonding between the successive layers played an important role in the enhanced ductility.

摘要：The effects of Sn addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc butt-welded Mg?6Al?0.3Mn (AM60) (mass fraction, %) alloy sheets were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and microhardness and tensile tests. The results indicate that both the average microhardness and joint efficiency of AM60 are improved by the addition of 1% Sn (mass fraction). The ultimate tensile strength of Mg?6Al?1Sn?0.3Mn (ATM610) reaches up to 96.8% of that of base material. Moreover, fracture occurs in the fusion zone ofATM610 instead of in the heat-affected zone of AM60 welded joint. The improvement in the properties is mainly attributed to the formation of Mg2Sn, which effectively obstructs the grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone, resulting in a relatively finemicrostructure. The addition of 1% Sn improves the mechanical properties of AM60 welded joint

摘要：设计了一种采用弯曲定径带模具的新型非对称挤压工艺(TBE),用以改善Mg-3Al-1Zn合金板材的力学性能和成形性能。运用有限元分析揭示了挤压过程中的应变、温度等状态变量的分布。结果表明,在TBE模具的模口处,应变沿板面法向(ND)呈梯度分布,这导致挤压板材显微组织的厚向梯度分布,同时得到TD择优取向的织构,少量基面取向晶粒向挤压方向(ED)偏转。与传统挤压相比,TBE过程中产生更多挤压热,模腔内温度更高,使大量非基面滑移开启,导致板材TD择优取向织构的形成。通过改善织构,TBE板材的塑性和弯曲性能均得到明显提升,沿45°方向的伸长率达到33%,弯曲角度达到83.5°。

摘要：为探究不同灌溉定额条件下复合寡糖对青贮玉米土壤养分、酶活性及产量品质的影响,采用两因素三水平完全随机设计试验。大田滴灌试验于2022年在宁夏吴忠市利通区高闸镇进行。设置3个灌水水平W1(2100 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W2(2700 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W3(3300 m^(3)/hm^(2))以及3个配施复合寡糖水平P1(42 g/hm^(2))、P2(63 g/hm^(2))、P3(84 g/hm^(2)),以当地生产无复合寡糖处理作为对照组(CK),共10个处理。结果表明:①全氮含量随着生育期的变化呈现先降低后增长的变化趋势,在抽雄期表现最差;②全生育期土壤脲酶活性表现出“增长-减小-增长”的变化趋势,吐丝期酶活性表现最差;③灌水定额和复合寡糖对青贮玉米产量影响显著(P<0.05),其中W3P3处理表现最优,较CK处理增产16%;④灌水、复合寡糖2者的交互作用对青贮玉米品质影响显著,W1P3处理表现最优,酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白较CK分别增加15.1%、45.96%、27.54%、14.98%;应用TOPSIS模型综合评价表明,灌溉定额3300 m^(3)/hm^(2),复合寡糖施量84 g/hm^(2)可作为该地区最优灌水定额和复合寡糖施用策略。

摘要：目的:探索旱作区调节蒙古黄芪土壤水热、促进蒙古黄芪冠层发育和抗旱增收的栽培模式。方法:采用裂区设计,设置立旋耕和普旋耕2种旋耕方式,黑膜、玉米秸秆和露地栽培3种覆盖方式,研究立旋耕和地表覆盖对蒙古黄芪土壤水热、冠层发育及产量的影响。结果:因种子成熟期蒙古黄芪耗水量较大,其0~100 cm土壤贮水量低于苗期和花期,但立旋耕覆黑膜和普旋耕覆黑膜两个覆膜处理在苗期至种子成熟期0~100 cm土壤贮水量均显著高于普旋耕+露地栽培(CK);不同处理苗期至种子成熟期8∶00、14∶00和18∶00不同深度土层温度均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中立旋耕覆黑膜处理与CK的土壤温差在花期最高(5.5℃);不同处理苗期至种子成熟期蒙古黄芪冠层温度均表现为CK最高,立旋耕覆黑膜处理最低;蒙古黄芪各生育期叶片叶绿素含量相对值(SPAD值)、叶面积指数(LAI)、单根鲜重、产量和经济收益均以立旋耕覆黑膜处理最高,立旋耕露地栽培、立旋耕覆黑膜和立旋耕覆秸秆处理各指标均显著高于CK。结论:立旋耕结合地表覆盖可使蒙古黄芪处于相对稳定的土壤水热环境中,尤其立旋耕覆黑膜是促进旱作区蒙古黄芪冠层发育、提高土壤水热和产量的重要栽培模式。考虑到覆黑膜会对环境造成污染,立旋耕露地和覆秸秆栽培模式可代替覆黑膜应用于蒙古黄芪的栽培生产中。

摘要：针对现有的单喷头3D打印机在打印大体积模型或零件时打印时间长、打印精度低等问题,提出了一种基于多喷头并联的3D打印机控制系统的设计方法,实现在模型切片平面的多轨迹并联打印。设计了光固化树脂并联打印喷头;采用主从式系统结构,以双STM32F407ZGT为核心、双PCL6045BL和CPLD(complex programable logic device,复杂可编程逻辑器件)为控制终端,搭建了一套双CPU(central processing unit,中央处理单元)的嵌入式3D打印机硬件控制系统;基于喷头切向跟踪原理和等间距打印原则,推导了二轴-四轴插补数据转换算法,实现了“二轴”轨迹数据到“四轴”插补加工数据的转换;设计了并联打印数据预处理程序、并联打印控制程序和并联打印脉冲输出控制程序以实现多轨迹并联打印控制;进行了控制系统的实验测试,对比了多喷头并联与单喷头3D打印机的实际打印效果。结果表明:与传统的单喷头打印方式相比,采用多喷头并联打印方式可以显著提高打印效率和打印精度,且打印质量较好。研究结果为大体积打印件的快速加工成型提供了一种切实可行的解决方案,具有一定的实用价值。

摘要：The phase constituent evolution of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys with the mole ratio of Y to Zn both in the as-cast and as-annealed states at the Mg-rich corner was investigated by XRD and SEM/EDS analysis and was further explained from the ternary phase diagram calculation. The results show that the formation of the secondary phases in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys firmly depends on the mole ratio of Y to Zn, and X （Mg 12 YZn）-phase, W （Mg 3 Y 2 Zn 3 ）-phase and I （Mg 3 YZn 6 ）-phase come out in sequence as the ratio of Y to Zn decreases. The mole ratios of Y to Zn with the corresponding phase constituent are suggested quantitatively as follows： the phase constituent is α-Mg ＋ I when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.164; α-Mg ＋ I ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.164 0.33;α-Mg ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.33; α-Mg ＋W＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.33 1.32; and α-Mg ＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 1.32. The results also offer a guideline for alloy selection and alloy design in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr system.

摘要：镁是密排六方结构金属,滑移系较少,其基面滑移阻力比柱面和锥面滑移阻力低很多,基面滑移启动后其他滑移系很难启动,导致镁合金室温和低温的塑性变形能力较差。重庆大学等单位研究发现某些特定原子固溶在镁中既能阻碍基面位错滑移提高强度,又能通过缩小基面与非基面滑移阻力差距促进非基面滑移开启而改善塑性,达到同时提高镁合金强度和塑性的目的。重庆大学镁合金科研团队把这一结果发展为"镁合金固溶强化增塑"合金设计理论(Solid solution strengthening and ductilizing,SSSD)。这一合金设计理论在过去十几年中已成为解决镁合金强度和塑性平衡优化的一条新途径。重庆大学应用该理论开发了多种新型高性能镁合金,其中10多个新合金已批准为国家标准牌号合金和国际标准牌号合金。

摘要：用GYH-2型单膜式压力传感器和GJL-2型钢筋计测试了一种被称为“构造板扩展基础”的新型基础基底反力及内力,掌握了第一手动态监测数据,总结出该种基础基底压力的分布规律和基础内力的实际状态.测试结果表明,构造底板能承担30%左右的上部荷载,钢筋受力处于交变应力状态,最大拉应力出现在柱上板带跨中处,应力最大值不超过钢筋设计强度的22%.这一结论可为构造板独立基础的设计提供直接参考依据.