摘要：针对中国海上石油钻井监测控制与风险防控技术实现智能化面临的诸如海上钻井参数实时监测评价能力差等难题,根据中国海域特点改进相关理论计算模型,研发具有自主知识产权的应用软件和应用工具对海洋钻井参数进行精确预测、对海洋钻井风险进行评估、对海上员工进行操作监控培训等;同时引入Optidrill数据采集分析系统等国外成熟商业钻井监控软件去解决海洋钻井参数实时监控难的问题。上述技术体系应用后,中国渤海海域部分区块单井复杂工况时间降低30%以上,复杂事故处理时间减少20%以上,钻井周期减少20%以上,培训效率提升40%,最终形成了钻井工程设计可视化模拟评估技术、钻井实时监测与控制优化技术、复杂工况多方决策技术和钻井工程仿真模拟培训技术等四大关键技术。本项研究的海洋钻井参数监测控制与钻井风险防控技术体系取得了良好的应用效果,可为实现海上安全高效钻井作业目标提供理论和技术支撑。

摘要：The influence of complicated interaction between the flow field and heat transfer in cooled turbines becomes more and more significant with the increasing turbine inlet temperature. However, classical through-flow methods did not take into account the influence of the interaction caused by air cooling. The aerodynamic design and cooling design of cooled turbines were carried out separately, and the iterations between the aerodynamic design and cooling design led to a long design period and raised the design cost. To shorten the design period and decrease the design cost, this paper proposes a concise aero-thermal coupled through-flow method for the design of cooled turbines, taking into account the influence of the complicated interaction between the flow field and heat transfer in cooled turbines. The governing equations, such as energy equation and continuity equation in classical through-flow method are re-derived theoretically by considering the historical influence of cooling with the same method that deals with viscous losses in this paper. A cooling model is developed in this method. The cooled blade is split into a number of heat transfer elements, and the heat transfer is studied element by element along both the span and the chord in detail. This paper applies the method in the design of a two-stage axial turbine, of which the first stator is cooled with convective cooling. With the prescribed blade temperature limitation and the knowledge of the flow variables of the mainstream at the turbine inlet, such as the total pressure, total temperature and mass flow rate, the convergence of the calculation is then obtained and the properties of the flow field, velocity triangles and coolant requirement are well predicted. The calculated results prove that the aero-thermal coupled through-flow method is a reliable tool for flow analysis and coolant requirement prediction in the design of cooled turbines.

摘要：Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) vehicles are considered to have broad prospects for development, and the high operating temperature of SOFC results in great potential for waste-heat recovery. Many concepts for utilizing waste heat of SOFC have been suggested and studied, and most of them directly couple an SOFC to a gas turbine, which require the SOFC to operate at an elevated pressure and make the system less flexible and thus harder to operate. In recent years, with the development of turbine and heat exchanger technology, the supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_2) power cycle has raised widespread attractions for the waste recovery. This study explores the potential of S-CO_2 Brayton cycle to realize waste-heat recovery for an SOFC vehicle. The SOFC can operate at atmospheric pressure, and the hybrid system is easier to operate than the directly coupled systems. In this paper, a simple recuperated S-CO_2 Brayton cycle is proposed and the key component, radial inflow turbine is designed and focused. The flow state of the designed turbine is analyzed in detail based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD) numerical simulation. Five cases with different impeller tip clearances are numerically simulated to study its influence on the turbine performance. In addition, off-design performance analysis of the radial inflow turbine is conducted considering the temperature fluctuation of SOFC in practical applications.

摘要：在设计清华大学1.5级轴流跨音压气机试验台过程中,将静叶形式由带冠改为不带冠。为考察不带冠静叶能否满足气动设计要求,该文采用计算流体力学方法,对上述2种静叶形式的压气机进行数值模拟和比较分析,并对不带冠静叶间隙大小对压气机性能的影响进行研究。结果表明:不带冠静叶在设计点效率提高1.8%,且数值失速裕度提高1.5%,能够满足气动设计指标。设计点效率提高的原因在于:泄漏流和端壁二次流起到相互抑制的作用,二次流引起的分离区尺度因而得以削减。分析同时表明:在较大间隙(0.8mm)时,泄漏流会起主导作用,影响静叶根部损失和落后角分布,因此试验台加工制造中需要对静叶间隙大小进行控制。

摘要：为了优化离心压气机叶轮与扩压器的匹配特性,该文开发了基于iSIGHT的1维优化设计系统。针对某MW级燃机低压级离心压气机,对其几何参数及匹配特性进行了优化设计。计算结果表明:原始设计中扩压器与叶轮不相匹配,无叶扩压器径比过大,从而导致整级效率偏低。根据1维优化计算结果,在3维上对扩压器进行了重新设计,减小了无叶扩压器径比,并采用串列式有叶扩压器代替了原有单级有叶扩压器。与原始设计相比,优化后的离心压气机整级性能有了明显改善,压比提高了约4%,效率提高了约2%。

摘要：以生物质直燃发电项目为研究对象,通过对引进北欧技术设计投产的电厂的运行情况进行分析,发现燃料特性(尤其是发热量、水分和灰分数据的准确性)是造成电厂给料系统缺陷、除尘器磨损和机组不能正常运行的主要原因。给出了生物质燃料特性的经验数据,为后续生物质直燃电厂的建设和运行提供了参考。

摘要：针对S2流面求解的通流计算方法与全三维黏性求解的计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)方法是叶轮机械气动设计与分析的主要技术手段。该文基于一套自主开发的流线曲率法通流计算程序,建立了适用于多级高负荷轴流压气机的通流与CFD一体化优化设计方法。该方法由通流与CFD一体化气动分析方法和基于改进智能优化算法的设计优化方法构成。研究将其应用于某跨音三级压气机中,对其中的跨音动叶边界层分离流动问题进行合理定位。针对第一级动叶(R_(1))与第三级动叶(R_(2))开展优化设计,分别获得了三级压气机效率提升0.1%和0.3%的优化设计方案。研究表明,该方法能够实现通流与CFD分析方法优势互补,同时把握气动布局设计与细节流场结构特征,从而高效定位压气机气动性能与流场结构问题及其与叶型设计或气动布局的关联,指导优化设计方向。

摘要：跨音压气机是实现先进燃气轮机压气机高负荷要求的重要技术手段,在显著提高平均级压比的同时,引入了激波等复杂流动结构.本文针对某三级跨音轴流压气机开展数值研究,获得并分析其在设计转速和设计点条件下的气动性能和流场细节.结合试验数据对计算流体力学(CFD)计算结果的可靠性进行验证,并探讨网格参数等因素对计算结果的影响,进而获得在有限计算资源条件下准确度足够高的数值方案.其中,设计转速特性曲线与设计点径向分布定性、定量吻合良好,流量偏差小于1%,效率偏差小于1个百分点.本文详细总结各级动、静叶扩压能力、损失水平的变工况与径向分布规律,确定第三级动、静叶在设计点和变工况条件下均存在不同程度的流动问题,且与堵塞和失速现象的发生存在强相关性.结合具体流场结构分析,设计点处第三级动叶中间叶高出现波前马赫数峰值,进而出现激波诱导的边界层分离泡;第三级静叶具有较差的变工况性能,其叶根角区失速是定常雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程(RANS)计算条件下该压气机的失速形式.

摘要：重型燃气轮机侧向进气蜗壳会带来额外进气损失并产生进气畸变,这将会影响压气机的效率和稳定性,进而影响整机效率。目前侧向进气蜗壳的设计仍以经验设计为基础,并未形成系统化的侧向进气蜗壳参数化设计方法,尚无各关键无量纲参数的推荐取值范围。该文基于传统的蜗壳设计理论,针对侧向进气道蜗壳进行简化设计,并通过数值模拟方法研究其内部流动机理,明确进气蜗壳内的流动损失主要来自导流锥两侧的剪切涡、支板绕流涡和收缩段边界层。在此基础上,提出一种参数化设计方法,研究几何结构对进气蜗壳总压损失和出口气流不均匀性的影响。结果表明,收缩段入口直径、锥底直径和锥角对进气蜗壳气动性能影响较大。最后,该文给出各设计参数的推荐取值范围,可为未来高性能侧向进气蜗壳设计准则制定提供基础。

摘要：压气机存在繁多的激励源而无法避开所有的共振点,这就需要详细分析并揭示非定常时空演化规律,为预测并抑制危险共振工况的振动提供依据。本文采用数值方法计算某跨音速轴流压气机设计工况下前1.5级的流场。通过对定常、非定常结果的分析,确定各激励源并总结激励源对叶片非定常气动力的作用规律。研究发现设计工况下首级动叶的非定常力主要来自上游进口导叶和下游静叶的转静干涉效应,其中导叶的影响占主导地位,下游静叶主要影响尾缘部分。压力波动较大的位置与时均静压较大的位置相对应。