摘要：Objecti.es: To determi.e i.ci.ence, outcomes, and ri.k factors for pedi.tri. c erebral edema wi.h di.beti. ketoaci.osi. (CEDKA) i. Canada. Study desi.n: Thi. w as a case-control study nested wi.hi. a populati.n-based acti.e survei.lance s tudy of CEDK A i. Canada from July 1999 to June 2001. Cases are pati.nts wi.h DK A <16 years of age wi.h cerebral edema. Two unmatched control subjects per case are pati.nts wi.h DKA wi.hout cerebral edema. Results: Thi.teen cases of CEDKA w ere i.enti.i.d over the survei.lance peri.d for an i.ci.ence rate of 0.51%; 23 %di.d and 15%survi.ed wi.h neurologi. sequelae. CEDKA was present at i.i.i.l p resentati.n of DKA i. 19%of cases. CEDKA was associ.ted wi.h lower i.i.i.l bi.a rbonate (P =. 001), hi.her i.i.i.l urea (P =. 001), and hi.her glucose at presen tati.n (P =. 014). Although there was a trend to associ.ti.n wi.h hi.her flui. r ates and treatment wi.h bi.arbonate, these were not i.dependent predi.tors. Conc lusi.ns: CEDKA remai.s a si.ni.i.ant problem wi.h a hi.h mortali.y rate. No asso ci.ti.n was found between the occurrence of CEDKA and treatment factors. The pre sence of cerebral edema before treatment of DKA and the associ.ti.n wi.h severi. y of i.lness suggest that preventi.n of DKA i. the key to avoi.i.g thi. devastat i.g compli.ati.n.