摘要：Converting sunlight directly to fuels and chemicals is a great latent capacity for storing renewable *** to the advantages of large surface area,short diffusion paths for electrons,and more exposed active sites,few‐layer carbon nitride(FLCN)materials present great potential for production of solar fuels and chemicals and set off a new wave of research in the last few ***,the recent progress in synthesis and regulation of FLCN‐based photocatalysts,and their applications in the conversion of sunlight into fuels and chemicals,is *** importantly,the regulation strategies from chemical modification to microstructure control toward the production of solar fuels and chemicals has been deeply analyzed,aiming to inspire critical thinking about the effective approaches for photocatalyst modification rather than developing new *** the end,the key scientific challenges and some future trend of FLCN‐based materials as advanced photocatalysts are also discussed.

摘要：Stimulated by increasing environmental awareness and renewable-energy utilization capabilities,fuel cell and electrolyzer technologies have emerged to play a unique role in energy storage,conversion,and *** particular,solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs)are increasingly attracting the interest of researchers as a platform for the electrolysis and conversion of C1 molecules,such as carbon dioxide and *** to traditional catalysis methods,SOEC technology offers two major advantages:high energy efficiency and poisoning resistance,ensuring the long-term robustness of C1-to-fuels *** this review,we focus on state-of-the-art technologies and introduce representative works on SOEC-based techniques for C1 molecule electrochemical conversion developed over the past several years,which can serve as a timely reference for designing suitable catalysts and cell processes for efficient and practical conversion of C1 *** challenges and prospects are also discussed to suggest possible research directions for sustainable fuel production from C1 molecules by SOECs in the near future.

摘要：Rational design of low‐cost and efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)is imperative for electrocatalytic ethanol fuel *** this work,we developed a copper‐doped nickel oxyhydroxide(Cu‐doped NiOOH)catalyst via in situ electrochemical reconstruction of a NiCu *** introduction of Cu dopants increases the specific surface area and more defect sites,as well as forms high‐valence Ni *** Cu‐doped NiOOH electrocatalyst exhibited an excellent EOR performance with a peak current density of 227 mA·cm^(–2)at 1.72 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode,high Faradic efficiencies for acetate production(>98%),and excellent electrochemical *** work suggests an attractive route of designing non‐noble metal based electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation.

摘要：The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has been attracting increasingly research interest in the past decade,with the ultimate goal of utilizing electricity from renewable energy to realize carbon neutrality,as well as economic and energy ***,the capture and concentrating of CO_(2) cost a substantial portion of energy,while almost all the reported researches showed CO_(2) electroreduction under high concentrations of(typically pure)CO_(2) reactants,and only very few recent studies have investigated the capability of applying low CO_(2) concentrations(such as~10%in flue gases).In this work,we first demonstrated the electroreduction of 0.03%CO_(2)(in helium)in a homemade gas‐phase electrochemical electrolyzer,using a low‐cost copper(Cu)or nanoscale copper(nano‐Cu)*** with steam,the gas‐phase CO_(2) was directly delivered onto the gas‐solid interface with the Cu catalyst and reduced to CO,without the need/constraint of being adsorbed by aqueous solution or alkaline *** tuning the catalyst and experi‐mental parameters,the conversion efficiency of CO_(2) reached as high as~95%.Furthermore,we demonstrated the direct electroreduction of 0.04%CO_(2) from real air sample with an optimized conversion efficiency of~79%,suggesting a promising perspective of the electroreduction ap‐proach toward direct CO_(2) conversion.

摘要：Although many catalysts have been reported for the CO_(2)electroreduction to C_(1)or C_(2)chemicals,the insufficient understanding of fundamental correlations among different products still hinders the development of universal catalyst design ***,we first discover that the surface*CO coverage is stable over a wide potential range and reveal a linear correlation between the partial current densities of CH_(4)and C_(2)products in this potential range,also supported by the theoretical kinetic *** on the mechanism that*CHO is the common intermediate in the formation of both CH_(4)(*CHO→CH4)and C_(1)(*CHO+*CO→C_(2)),we then unravel that this linear correlation is universal and the slope can be varied by tuning the surface*H or*CO coverage to promote the selectivity of CH_(4)or C_(2)products,*** proofs-of-concept,using carbon-coated Cu particles,the surface*H coverage can be increased to enhance CH_(4)production,presenting a high CO_(2)-to-CH_(4)Faradaic efficiency(FE_(CH_(4))~52%)and an outstanding CH_(4)partial current density of-337 m A cm;.On the other hand,using an Agdoped Cu catalyst,the CO_(2)RR selectivity is switched to the C_(2)pathway,with a substantially promoted FE;of 79%and a high partial current density of-421 m A cm;.Our discovery of tuning intermediate coverages suggests a powerful catalyst design strategy for different CO_(2)electroreduction pathways.

摘要：The electrocarboxylation reaction is an attractive means to convert CO_(2) into valuable chemicals under ambient conditions,while it still suffers from low efficiency due to the high stability of CO_(2).In this work,we report a double activation strategy for simultaneously activating CO_(2) and acetophenone by silver-doped CeO_(2)(Ag-CeO_(2)) nanowires,featuring as an effective electrocatalyst for electrocarboxylation of acetophenone with CO_(2).Compared to the Ag foil,Ag nanoparticles and CeO_(2) nanowires,the Ag-CeO_(2)nanowire catalyst allowed to reduce the onset potential difference between CO_(2) and acetophenone activation,thus enabling efficient electrocarboxylation to form 2-phenyllactic *** Faradaic efficiency for producing 2-phenyllactic acid reached 91%at−1.8 V versus Ag/*** double activation strategy of activating both CO_(2)and organic substrate molecules can benefit the catalyst design to improve activities and selectivities in upgrading CO_(2)fixation for higher-value electrocarboxylation.

摘要：本文介绍了一种基于声发射技术的动态探伤系统的设计。本系统主要针对金属裂纹的实时检测而提出,文中对动态检测系统的总体方案及其相应的硬件组成和软件处理算法进行了详细地分析阐述,并对所设计的系统进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,此检测系统具有良好的性能,能满足动态探伤的应用需要。

摘要：本文提出了一种基于MATLAB的金属裂纹AE(声发射)信号实时有限冲激响应数字滤波器的设计方法。针对金属裂纹AE信号的特征分析,结合MATLAB软件,确定有限冲激响应滤波器的特征参数,设计出满足指标要求的数字滤波器,将所设计的有限冲激响应滤波器在数字信号处理器中通过软件实现。实验结果表明,该方法设计的滤波器实时性好、精度高,能满足后续检验的性能要求。

摘要：从反应热力学以及实验设计比较两方面出发,研究氨水对CaCl_2和H_2O_2反应制备CaO_2的影响。发现氨水用量与过氧化钙产量相关,当NH_3/Ca^(2+)摩尔比小于2时,CaCl_2无法反应完全;当NH_3/Ca^(2+)摩尔比为2时,过氧化钙产量增加,且无过多氢氧化钙杂质生成,较为符合制备反应的实验设计。