摘要：温室效应和日渐枯竭的地球资源使得功率电路设计中的节能要求变得越来越重要。设计人员正在寻求效率更高、功耗更低的解决方案，

摘要：The repair of osteochondral defects is one of the major clinical challenges in ***-established osteochondral tissue engineering methods have shown promising results for the early treatment of small ***,less success has been achieved for the regeneration of large defects,which is mainly due to the mechanical environment of the joint and the heterogeneous nature of the *** this study,we developed a multi-layered osteochondral scaffold to match the heterogeneous nature of osteochondral tissue by harnessing additive manufacturing technologies and combining the established art laser sintering and material extrusion *** developed scaffold is based on a titanium and polylactic acid matrix-reinforced collagen“sandwich”composite *** microstructure and mechanical properties of the scaffold were examined,and its safety and efficacy in the repair of large osteochondral defects were tested in an ovine condyle *** 12-week in vivo evaluation period revealed extensive and significantly higher bone in-growth in the multi-layered scaffold compared with the collagen–HAp scaffold,and the achieved stable mechanical fixation provided strong support to the healing of the overlying cartilage,as demonstrated by hyaline-like cartilage *** histological examination showed that the regenerated cartilage in the multi-layer scaffold group was superior to that formed in the control *** genes such as aggrecan and collagen-II were upregulated in the scaffold and were higher than those in the control *** findings showed the safety and efficacy of the cell-free“translation-ready”osteochondral scaffold,which has the potential to be used in a one-step surgical procedure for the treatment of large osteochondral defects.

摘要：（接上期）＂讲故事不仅仅对于人类思维而言是重要的,它本身就是人类思维。＂——O·E·威尔逊。

摘要：（接上期）第二部分：科学与艺术——知识化合物中的两种截然不同的元素艺术家以象征性的、全面且具有批判性的方式阐释世界。所有这些成分使得艺术与科学有所区别,也使得艺术完美而必不可少,而且是人类演进与积累的知识化合物中的配对元素之一。象征性如果我们像克利福德·格尔茨[1]一样接受马克斯·韦伯的观念,即我们是悬挂在由自己编织的、具有重要意义的网络上的物种,而且包括语言和文化在内的所有科学与艺术的知识——这些经历了数千年时间演进的庞大的合作项目——都是可见的，那么，我们就必须承认文化阐释与科学认知是齐头并进的。

摘要：Elucidating the structure-activity relationship in electrocatalysis is of fundamental interest for electrochemical energy conversion and ***,the heterogeneity in the surface structure of electrocatalysts,including the presence of various facets,poses an analytical challenge in revealing the true structure-activity relationship because the activity is conventionally measured on ensemble,resulting in an averaged activity that cannot be unequivocally associated with a single structural *** electrochemical cell microscopy(SECCM)[1]combined with colocalized electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)offers a direct way to reveal the correlative local electrochemical and structural ***,we measured the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity on Ag and its dependence on the crystal *** the combined EBSD and SECCM mapping,it is found that Ag grains closer to{111}show a higher exchange current density,while those closer to{110}show a lower Tafel *** Tafel slope is also found to decrease with the step density *** ability to measure the electrocatalytic activity under a high mass-transfer rate allows us to reveal the activity difference at a high current density(up to 200 mA/cm^(2)).The approach reported here can be expanded to other systems to reveal the nature of active sites of electrocatalysis.

摘要：探讨资深教练对一个旨在推动和促进新篮球教练员培训质量的结构化指导课程的评价为目的。12名资深教练(其中1名女性教练)受邀参与了本研究,采用自我决定理论设计培养教练员的训练课程项目,采用关注性小组访谈作为资料收集法,让资深教练针对应用自我决定理论的训练课程提出意见。结果显示,此训练课程提供学员一个独特而积极的学习经验。教练员认为,可以通过这个课程获得教练知识并促进技能。本研究结果为今后推广有效的教练培训框架,以及结构化的辅导计划,提高新教练员学习专业知识和提高培训质量提供了新方向。