摘要：This article mainly summarizes various aspects of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)production through the anthraquinone route,including hydrogenation catalysts,working solution,regeneration technique,hydrogenation reactors,and environmental *** advances and breakthrough of SINOPEC in the production of H2O2 through the anthraquinone route is presented in this review,highlighting recent innovative technology on these aspects developed *** technical prospect and scientific challenges associated with the direct synthesis method from hydrogen and oxygen are also briefly discussed.

摘要：Co_(2)VO_(4) with Co tetrahedrons and octahedrons of transition metal oxides has achieved progress in electrocatalysts and ***,high metal-metal interactions make it challenging to maintain high reactivity as well as increase the conductivity and stability of *** this work,spinel-structured CoZn_(0.5)V_(1.5)O_(4) with a high specific surface area was synthesized through an ion-exchange process from the metal-organic frameworks of *** functional theory calculations indicate that the replacement of transition metal by Zn can decrease the interaction between the transition metals,leading to a downshift in the π^(∗)-orbitals(V-O)and half-filled a_(1g) orbitals near the Fermi level,thus increasing the conductivity and stability of CoZn_(0.5)V_(1.5)O_(4).As a supercapacitor electrode,CoZn_(0.5)V_(1.5)O_(4) exhibits high cycling durability(99.4% capacitance retention after 18,000 cycles)and specific capacitance(1100mFcm^(-2) at 1mAcm^(-2)).This work provides the possibility of designing octahedral and tetrahedral sites in transition metal oxides to improve their electrochemical performance.

摘要：The development of heterogeneous acid catalysts with higher activity than homogeneous acid catalysts is critical and still *** this study,acidic poly(ionic liquid)s with swelling ability(SAPILs)were designed and synthesized via the free radical copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers,sodium p-styrenesulfonate,and crosslinkers,followed by *** 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide indicated that the synthesized SAPILs presented moderate and single acid *** thermogravimetric analysis results in the temperature range of 300–345°C revealed that the synthesized SAPILs were more stable than the commercial resin Amberlite IR-120(H)(245°C).Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy testing demonstrated that SAPILs presented unique three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb structure in water,which was ascribed to the swelling-induced self-assembly of the ***,we used SAPILs with micron-sized honeycomb structure in water as catalysts for the hydrolysis of cyclohexyl acetate to cyclohexanol,and determined that their catalytic activity was much higher than that of homogeneous acid *** equilibrium concentrations of all reaction components inside and outside the synthesized SAPILs were quantitatively analyzed using a series of simulated reaction *** on the reaction mixture,the concentration of cyclohexyl acetate inside SAPIL-1 was 7.5–23.3 times higher than that outside of it,which suggested the high enrichment ability of SAPILs for cyclohexyl *** excellent catalytic performance of SAPILs was attributed to their 3D honeycomb structure in water and high enrichment ability for cyclohexyl acetate,which opened up new avenues for designing highly efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts that could eventually replace conventional homogeneous acid catalysts.

摘要：Regulating chemical bonds to balance the adsorption and disassociation of water molecules on catalyst surfaces is crucial for overall water splitting in alkaline *** we report a facile strategy for designing Ni2W4C-W3C Janus structures with abundant Ni-W metallic bonds on surfaces through interfacial *** Ni atoms into the W3C crystals in reaction progress generates a new Ni2 W4C phase,making the inert W atoms in W3C be active sites in Ni2W4C for overall water *** Ni2W4CW3C/carbon nanofibers(Ni2 W4-W3C/CNFs)require overpotentials of 63 mV to reach 10 mA cm^-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and 270 mV to reach 30 mA cm^-2 for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline electrolyte,*** utilized as both cathode and anode in alkaline solution for overall water splitting,cell voltages of 1.55 and 1.87 V are needed to reach 10 and 100 mA cm^-2,*** functional theory(DFT)results indicate that the strong interactions between Ni and W increase the local electronic states of W *** Ni2W4C provides active sites for cleaving H-OH bonds,and the W3C facilitates the combination of Hads intermediates into H2 *** in situ electrochemical-Raman results demonstrate that the strong absorption ability for hydroxyl and water molecules and further demonstrate that W atoms are the real active sites.

摘要：果实采摘是农业种植生产过程中最耗时费力的环节。为了实现果实的良好抓取,本研究设计了一款结构精简、具有自适应性的柔性机械手,该机械手由柔性手指、气动元件、手腕和底座组成,基于3D打印制作,装配简单。其中,气动元件和柔性手指由柔性材料打印而成,手腕为具有柔性的一体件打印而成;利用气动元件的伸缩功能实现对手腕的驱动,带动柔性手指自适应变形抓取果实。结合常曲率变形和D-H坐标法建立了单手腕的运动学模型。在此基础上,进行了柔性机械手功能性验证试验和安全测试试验。试验结果表明,柔性机械手具有适应果实的形状进行自适应抓取的功能,对表皮较为脆弱的果实没有损伤;气动元件满足使用要求,可以完成对手腕的动作驱动。研究结果将为机械手柔性抓取结构的设计提供参考价值。

摘要：针对托盘式蔬菜的封膜装置,在现有对保鲜膜进行三面切割的切割方式的基础上,为简化驱动、简化控制从而降低制造成本,提高蔬菜产品市场竞争力,基于曲柄滑块机构和滚轮滑槽的联动机构对托盘式蔬菜封膜装置进行了创新设计,提出了托盘式蔬菜封膜装置方案,运用MATLAB软件对作为传动装置的曲柄滑块机构进行了最佳传力性能设计,确定最小传动角42°,曲柄长度140mm,连杆长度340mm,偏心距109mm。对滚轮滑槽联动机构进行了结构参数设计,确定单个滑槽纵向长度226mm,横向长度97mm。通过Solid Works软件建模对摆动杆、纵切板和横切杆进行运动学仿真分析,并对强度较低的横切杆和摆杆这2个关键构件进行静力学仿真,通过模拟其工作状态的受力情况找出易破坏点。按照结构参数设计和静力学仿真结果进行了样机制作,并依照动力学仿真设定的参数设计试验。试验结果表明在气缸无阻力运行时的平均速度为79mm/s,最大速度为110mm/s情况下,气缸驱动纵切板和横切杆的切割速度最大可分别达到690和290mm/s,工作效率达到40次/min,与仿真效果吻合。装置实际运行过程平稳,无速度突变和抖动,且能够将气缸速度放大到切割构件上而便于对保鲜膜进行切割。其工作效率也远超过目前设备的效率要求。仿真与实测效果都表明本方案具有较高的可行性,为今后相关设计研究提供参考。

摘要：该文针对盆花移栽作业过程中出现的移栽手爪提取基质不完整的现象,基于离散单元分析方法,利用EDEM(enhanced discrete element method)软件建立起机构(移栽手爪)、作用对象(带有根系的盆花基质)、作用条件(花盆)间的离散元仿真模型,对手爪钢针的插入和提离过程进行离散元仿真分析,确定基质断层为提取基质不完整的原因,并通过对基质提离过程进行受力分析发现,导致基质发生断层现象的根本原因是基质提离总阻力大于基质内部所能提供的最大凝聚力。鉴于如上分析,利用物场分析方法提出在原有系统中添加揉盆机构的解决方案,通过对揉盆机构工作过程进行离散元仿真分析发现,在揉盆机构的作用下基质与花盆之间产生了缝隙,使花盆对基质由于粘附作用产生的摩擦阻力降低,减小了基质提离总阻力,证明在工作过程中揉盆机构可以通过减小基质提离总阻力来解决基质断层问题。分别对添加揉盆机构前后的样机进行3组100盆的花苗移栽试验,移栽手爪完整提取基质成功率从84.67%提升到97.67%。该研究将EDEM离散单元分析与物场分析方法结合应用在机构优化设计过程,可以为盆间自动化移栽领域的设备研制与开发提供参考。

摘要：为实现盆栽红掌花卉在盆间移栽领域的自动化移栽作业,该文进行了盆栽红掌移栽手爪设计,并采用试验方法对移栽手爪进行了工作参数优化,可实现红掌花苗从110 mm×90 mm规格花盆移栽到至170 mm×150 mm规格花盆的移栽任务。移栽手爪采用两侧同时抱抓的形式,实现对花苗的聚叶、抓取、固定功能,通过机构创新设计,在提高抓取成功率的同时,避免出现伤苗情况。根据红掌花苗生长特点及种植情况,对移栽手爪的工作过程进行了分析,选取升降气缸气压、钢针插入斜度和钢针插入点到中心的距离作为因素,选取花苗脱离花盆后的提取效果作为试验指标,进行盆栽红掌移栽手爪作业性能的二次回归正交旋转组合试验,确定最优工作参数。试验结果表明,针对种植在110 mm×90 mm规格花盆的花苗,当升降气缸气压为0.36 MPa,钢针插入斜度为28°,插入点到中心的距离为38.12 mm时,可达到良好的移栽效果,具有较高的移栽成功率,能够应用到实际生产当中。研究结果可为盆间移栽领域自动化移栽机的研制与开发提供参考。

摘要：为实现低伤苗率下的盘间移栽作业,该文设计了一套斜入式穴盘苗移栽手爪,并对其关键参数进行了试验研究,以期提高移栽成功率。该手爪采用单驱动源下的联动机构实现斜入式取苗方式,可降低对穴苗钵坨的损伤,保证其在提取后有较好的完整性。通过对取苗过程进行分析,得到了影响移栽成功率的关键性因素。以红掌穴苗为试验对象,选取钢针插入点距离、钢针插入深度以及钢针插入角度为影响因素,以穴苗极限破坏力为优化指标,利用响应曲面方法进行优化试验设计。试验结果表明,当钢针插入点距离为11.5 mm,钢针插入深度43 mm,钢针插入角度为14°时,可以达到最大极限破坏力3.89 N。应用此参数组合进行斜入式移栽手爪性能测试验证,试验结果表明优化后的移栽手爪的移栽周期为4 s,移栽成功率可达98%,能够应用到实际生产当中。该研究结果可为盘间移栽领域自动化移栽机的研制与开发提供参考。

摘要：针对该课题组自主开发研制的ZGM-7自动化穴盘苗嫁接机中出现的钢针顶起穴盘苗失败现象,该文在EDEM离散元分析软件中利用ECM粘结力弹塑性接触模型作为颗粒接触模型并建立多种不同材料属性的复杂颗粒模型来模拟真实的育苗基质,进而研究钢针与育苗基质的作用关系。并以顶起过程中的穴盘苗基质底面最大顶起高度作为指标参数,分析了不同钢针长度、不同钢针径粗、不同顶起速度条件下顶起穴盘苗的工作情况。利用响应曲面法设计并执行仿真和实际试验,仿真分析结果与试验结果得到了很好地验证,变化趋势基本一致,数值结果误差在0.7%~7.2%;钢针直径和顶起速度对指标参数影响显著,且存在显著的交互作用。以育苗基质底面竖直成功顶起的理论最大顶起高度144 mm为优化目标,利用Design_expert软件得到仿真优化参数结果:钢针直径2.28 mm,钢针长度12.28 mm,顶起速度0.09 m/s。仿真优化参数下进行试验,顶起机构顶起穴盘苗成功率高达95.3%,优化效果显著。该研究结果极大地提高了钢针顶起穴盘苗的运行效果,同时为钢针顶起离散基质等类似问题提供参考。