摘要：Biological knowledge is becoming an important source of inspiration for developing creative solutions to engineering design problems and even has a huge potential in formulating ideas that can help firms compete successfully in a dynamic *** identify the technologies and methods that can facilitate the development ofbiologically inspired creative designs,this research briefly reviews the existing biological-knowledge-based theories and methods and examines the application of biological-knowledge-inspired designs in various ***,this research thoroughly examines the four dimensions of key technologies that underlie the biologically inspired design(BID)*** research then discusses the future development trends of the BID process before presenting the conclusions.

摘要：Noble metal-free electrocatalysts with high activity are highly desirable for the large-scale application of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). Mo_(2) C-based nanomaterials have been proved as a promising alternative to noble metal-based electrocatalysts owing to the Pt-resembled d-band density and optimal intermediates-adsorption ***, the aggregation and excessive growth of crystals often occur during their high-temperature synthesis procedure, leading to low catalytic utilization. In this study, the ultrafine Mo_(2) C/Mo_(2) N heterostructure with large surface and interface confined in the N-doped carbon nanofibers(NCNFs) was obtained by a melamine-assisted method. The synergistic effect of Mo_(2) C/Mo_(2) N heterostructure and plenty active sites exposed on the surface of ultrafine nanocrystals improves the electrocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, the N-CNFs ensure fast charge transfer and high structural stability during reactions. Moreover, the in-situ synthesis method strengthens the interfacial coupling interactions between Mo_(2)C/Mo_(2) N heterostructure and N-CNFs, further enhancing the electronic conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. Owing to these advantages, Mo_(2)C/Mo_(2) N@N-CNFs exhibit excellent HER performance with a low overpotential of 75 mV at a current density of 10 mV cm^(-2) in alkaline solution, superior to the single-phased Mo_(2)C counterpart and recently reported Mo_(2)C/Mo_(2) N-based catalysts. This study highlights a new effective strategy to design efficient electrocatalysts via integrating heterostructure, nanostructure and carbon modification.

摘要：A fundamental understanding of the electrochemical reaction process and mechanism of electrodes is very crucial for developing high-performance electrode *** this study,we report the sodium ion storage behavior and mechanism of orthorhombic V_(2)O_(5) single-crystalline nanowires in the voltage window of 1.0–4.0 V(***/Na+).The single-crystalline nanowires exhibit a large irreversible capacity loss during the first discharge/charge cycle,and then show excellent cycling stability in the following *** a current density of 100 mA g^(−1),the nanowires electrode delivers initial discharge/charge capacity of 217/88 mA h g^(−1),corresponding to a Coulombic efficiency of only 40.5%;after 100 cycles,the electrode remains a reversible discharge capacity of 78 mA h g^(−1) with a fading rate of only 0.09%per cycle compared with the 2nd cycle discharge *** sodium ion storage mechanism was investigated,illustrating that the large irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle can be attributed to the initially formed single-crystalline α′-Nax V_(2)O_(5)(0.02<x<0.88),in which sodium ions cannot be electrochemically extracted and the α′-Na0.88 V_(2)O_(5) can reversibly host and release sodium ions via a single-phase(solid solution)reaction,leading to excellent cycling *** Na^(+) diffusion coefficient in α′-Nax V_(2)O_(5) ranges from 10^(−12) to 10^(−11.5) cm^(2) s^(−1) as evaluated by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT).

摘要：Transition metal phosphides(TMPs) are promising battery-type electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors(HSCs) due to their high electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity. Constructing TMPs with fast kinetics and stable structure is requisite to realize high-performance HSCs but remains a challenge. Herein, we incorporate Mo(or W)into Ni Co P to form Ni-Co-Mo-P(or Ni-Co-W-P) heterostructures with a unique three-dimensional(3 D) open morphology and modified electronic structure. Electrochemical analyses and density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal that the incorporation of Mo/W enables Ni Co P with optimized nanostructure, high conductivity, abundant reaction active sites and enhanced reaction kinetics. As a result, the designed Ni-Co-Mo-P heterostructure delivers a high areal capacity of 4.08 C cm^(-2)(703 C g^(-1)) at 2 m A cm^(-2)and3.25 C cm^(-2) at 30 m A cm^(-2) with a good cycling stability, superior to those of Ni Co P and Ni-Co-W-P counterparts. The practical feasibility of the Ni-Co-Mo-P heterostructure is further demonstrated by an energy conversion and storage system consisting of commercial solar cell and Ni-Co-Mo-P//activated carbon(AC) device, which could obtain a high energy density of 53.3 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 800 W kg^(-1).All-solid-state Ni-Co-Mo-P//AC device further illustrates the superior flexibility and makes a strong candidate for wearable energy storage electronics.

摘要：Both of planar and mesoporous architectures prevail for perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,it is still an open question how the architecture affects the performance of *** inconsistent results in the references often create *** particular,the specific roles of mesoporous frameworks are yet to be well elaborated and require further *** this study,we carefully compared the properties of perovskite films and the device performances for both architectures to unravel the roles of mesoporous TiO2 framworks in CH3NH3PbI3 *** detailed characterizations of structural,microscopic,optical and electrical properties revealed that the presence of mesoporous TiO2 framework contributed to enlarged perovskite crystal sizes,enhanced light harvesting,efficient electron extration and suppressed charge *** a result,compared with the planar device,the mesoporous device yielded an improved power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,coupled with a reduced *** study reveals the benefits of mesoporous TiO2 framework in PSCs and provides the guidance for the design and optimization of architectures for high-performance devices.

摘要：FeS因具有较高的比容量和优异的环境友好性,被认为是一种极具竞争力的锂/钠离子电池负极材料.然而,循环过程中缓慢的电荷转移动力学和较大的体积变化阻碍了它的实际应用.本文通过在超薄FeS/C复合材料中构建应变缓冲(气泡膜状)结构,从根本上解决了FeS动力学缓慢和体积变化大的问题.有限元模拟和非原位透射电镜结果验证了气泡膜状碳基质可作为保护壳层缓解FeS的巨大体积变化,还能提高其电子导电性.得益于这种独特的结构设计,该电极材料表现出显著增强的性能.其在5 A g^(-1)下的储锂容量为469 mA h g^(-1),在1 A g^(-1)下循环1500次后的储钠容量为354 mA h g^(-1).此外,由该电极与LiFePO_(4)正极组装的全电池即使在100次循环后也能提供558 mA h g^(-1)的比容量,展现出优异的循环稳定性.这一策略也可应用于其它导电性差、体积变化大的负极材料,以促进高倍率和长寿命电池的发展.

摘要：Na-ion batteries(SIBs)have attracted considerable attention as promising alternatives to commercial Li-ion batteries(LIBs)due to comparable redox potential,and natural abundance of ***,it remains challenging to explore suitable anodes for ***,a MoO2/N-doped carbon(MoO2/N-C)composite composed of MoO2 nanocrystals embedded within carbon matrix with a Mo–N–C chemical bond is prepared by a simple yet effective carbonization-induced topochemical transformation ***-ion half-cells using MoO2/N-C exhibit excellent cycling stability over 5000 cycles at 5 A g^-1 and superior rate *** characterizations and first-principles density functional theory(DFT)simulations reveal that the formation of chemical bond at the interface between MoO2 and N-doped carbon plays an important role in the excellent charge storage properties of MoO2/*** importantly,the interfacial coupling can efficiently promote interface charge *** from this,Na-ion capacitors(SICs)constructed with the MoO2/N-C anode and activated carbon cathode can deliver an impressive energy density of 15 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 1760 W kg^-1,together with a capacitance retention of 92.4%over 1000 cycles at 10 A g^-*** proposed strategy in this paper based on interfacial chemical bond may hold promises for the design of high-performance electrodes for energy storage devices.

摘要：在生成新产品概念设计方案的过程中,企业常缺乏辅助新产品功能描述、分解及创新的设计知识,且存在功能实现技术检索结果可用性不高、难以有效转化为概念设计方案技术特征的问题。为此,提出一种专利数据辅助的新产品概念设计方案生成方法。首先,使用文本相似度算法,检索国际专利分类表中与设计任务相关的分类号文本,辅助描述新产品的主功能。其次,引入C-K理论将下级分类号释义视为K空间中的元素,新产品子功能视为C空间中的元素,通过元素间转化辅助完成主功能分解。再次,结合专利技术成熟度分析和功能创新策略,确定新产品的功能创新方向,并依据共现分类号释义预测新产品的集成功能,辅助实现新产品的功能创新。接着,应用专利文献跨域特征分析模型,引入技术领域融合度的概念,量化专利技术的知识广度和流动性,辅助优选功能实现技术,并利用语义解析技术自动提取专利独立权利要求中的技术特征,辅助生成新产品概念设计方案。最后,将该方法应用于重型汽车底盘预装设备领域的新产品开发,证明了方法的有效性。

摘要：效应是产品功能、行为和结构存在的科学依据。扩展TRIZ中现有单输入/输出流两极效应模型形成多输入/输出流多极效应模型,提出构建效应链的四种效应模式和三种效应链推理方法,进而研究基于效应的功能、行为和结构之间的映射关系,建立扩展效应驱动的功能—行为—结构模型(Extended-effect driven function-behavior-structure,EE-FBS)和基于该模型的功能设计过程,以支持功能认知、功能分解、功能到结构映射整个功能设计过程,并开发计算机辅助功能设计软件系统。以中药滴丸机功能设计为例对EE-FBS模型的有效性进行验证。

摘要：针对目前TRIZ和六西格玛设计(DFSS)融合研究多停留在用TRIZ解决DFSS过程中存在的冲突,以及工程问题求解过程中关键问题无法识别的问题,急需将TRIZ与DFSS深入融合以解决工程实际问题。论证了TRIZ与DFSS融合的必要性和可行性;选取了DFSS的DMADV流程进行TRIZ工具的集成,构建了融合框架并阐述了其中核心关键技术;问题定义阶段是TRIZ和DFSS的重点融合阶段,提出了融合路线和实施步骤,并用柴油车辆供油系统设计实例加以验证。研究形成了一套完整可实施的TRIZ与DFSS融合创新方法,可为企业解决实际工程问题,为实现多方法融合创新应用提供新路径。